New spiders (Araneae: Palpimanoidea) from the Jurassic Yanliao Biota of China

Several new spider specimens, belonging to the superfamily Palpimanoidea, are described from the Middle–Upper Jurassic Haifanggou Formation (early assemblage of the Yanliao Biota) of Inner Mongolia, China. Two new genera and species, and a new species in the genus Sinaranea Selden, Huang & Ren, 2008, are described. Caestaranea jurassica gen. et sp. nov. is described on the basis of several adult males, typified by boxing-glove shaped pedipalps, as well as females and juveniles. Onychopalpus thomisoides gen. et sp. nov. is the largest palpimanoid known, and its habitus resembles that of a crab spider (Thomisidae) in having large, laterigrade anterior legs with rows of macrosetae on the femora and a squat, rotund opisthosoma. However, the distinctive adult male pedipalp bears a pectinate claw, so the holotype specimen is a subadult male; the other specimens referred to this species are smaller juveniles. Three new specimens of Sinaranea metaxyostraca Selden, Huang & Ren, 2008, including two adult males, are described here, and the new species S. brevicrus sp. nov., which has shorter legs than the type species, is described from an adult male and an adult female. These new palpimanoids substantially increase the diversity of the superfamily in the Middle Jurassic, and the unusual Onychopalpus provides evidence for a different mode of life for these spiders. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D7726F4B-349E-4C2B-960D-371C27A6B77F

本文记述了采自中国内蒙古中侏罗世-晚侏罗世海房沟组（Haifanggou Formation，燕辽生物群（Yanliao Biota）早期组合）的多块螯耙蛛总科（Palpimanoidea）蜘蛛新标本。本次研究共涵盖2个新属新种，以及中华蛛属（Sinaranea Selden, Huang & Ren, 2008）内的1个新种。基于多件以拳击手套形触肢（pedipalp）为典型特征的成体雄性标本，同时结合雌性及幼体标本，本文记述了侏罗纪铠耙蛛（Caestaranea jurassica gen. et sp. nov.）新属新种。拟蟹爪触蛛（Onychopalpus thomisoides gen. et sp. nov.）是目前已知体型最大的螯耙蛛总科类群，其外形酷似蟹蛛科（Thomisidae）物种：前足粗壮且呈侧行式，股骨表面排列有数列大刚毛，后体部（opisthosoma）短粗圆润。但该类群成体雄性的触肢带有独特的栉状爪（pectinate claw），因此其正模标本（holotype specimen）实为亚成体雄性；其余归入该种的标本均为体型更小的幼体。本文还记述了3件中华蛛（Sinaranea metaxyostraca Selden, Huang & Ren, 2008）新标本，其中包含2件成体雄性标本；同时基于1件成体雄性和1件成体雌性标本，建立了短足中华蛛（S. brevicrus sp. nov.）新种，该种的足较模式种更为短小。本次发现的螯耙蛛总科新类群大幅提升了中侏罗世该总科的物种多样性，而形态特殊的爪触蛛属（Onychopalpus）为这类蜘蛛的差异化生活模式提供了实证依据。http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D7726F4B-349E-4C2B-960D-371C27A6B77F