Average cost per mother/baby pair for actual antenatal, well-baby, and PMTCT services received and estimated triple-drug ART services received from the first antenatal visit through six months after delivery.

ART: antiretroviral therapy; CI: confidence interval; PMTCT: prevention of mother-to-child transmission; USD: United States dollar. aA mother was considered to have initiated triple-drug ART if site registers indicated that she had either a CD4≤350 cells/µL or an ART referral indicated in the site registers. bDifferences in means between index and comparison mother-baby pairs were calculated using an independent two-sided t-test. cAntenatal service costs include the costs of fixed resources and provider time per clinic visit, diagnostics, vaccines, and non-ARV drugs provided to both index and comparison mothers. dWell-baby service costs include the costs of fixed resources and provider time per clinic visit, vaccines, and non-ARV drugs provided to both index and comparison babies. ePMTCT service costs include the costs of ARV prophylaxis for index mothers not yet on triple-drug ART, ARV prophylaxis for babies, co-trimoxazole prophylaxis for index mothers and babies, and HIV DNA PCR tests for index babies. fTriple-drug ART service costs include the costs of pre-ART and on-ART services, including costs of fixed resources, provider time for clinic visits, ARV drugs, non-ARV drugs, and diagnostics, for index mothers considered to have initiated triple-drug ART. See Appendix S1 for details on the estimate of triple-drug ART service costs.