Crime Survey for England and Wales, 1982-

<p>The <span style="font-style:italic">Crime Survey for England and Wales</span> (CSEW) asks a sole adult in a random sample of households about their, or their household's, experience of crime victimisation in the previous 12 months. These are recorded in the victim form data file (VF). A wide range of questions are then asked, covering demographics and crime-related subjects such as attitudes to the police and the criminal justice system (CJS). These variables are contained within the non-victim form (NVF) data file. In 2009, the survey was extended to children aged 10-15 years old; one resident of that age range was also selected from the household and asked about their experience of crime and other related topics. The first set of children's data covered January-December 2009 and is held separately under SN 6601. From 2009-2010, the children's data cover the same period as the adult data and are included with the main study.</p><p>The <span style="font-style:italic">Telephone-operated Crime Survey for England and Wales </span>(TCSEW) became operational on 20 May 2020. It was a replacement for the face-to-face CSEW, which was suspended on 17 March 2020 because of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. It was set up with the intention of measuring the level of crime during the pandemic. As the pandemic continued throughout the 2020/21 survey year, questions have been raised as to whether the year ending March 2021 TCSEW is comparable with estimates produced in earlier years by the face-to-face CSEW. The ONS <a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/methodologies/comparabilitybetweenthetelephoneoperatedcrimesurveyforenglandandwalesandthefacetofacecrimesurveyforenglandandwales">Comparability between the Telephone-operated Crime Survey for England and Wales and the face-to-face Crime Survey for England and Wales</a> report explores those factors that may have a bearing on the comparability of estimates between the TCSEW and the former CSEW. These include survey design, sample design, questionnaire changes and modal changes.</p><p>More general information about the CSEW may be found on the ONS <a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/surveys/informationforhouseholdsandindividuals/householdandindividualsurveys/crimesurveyforenglandandwales">Crime Survey for England and Wales</a> web page and for the previous BCS, from the GOV.UK <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/british-crime-survey-methodology">BCS Methodology</a> web page.</p><p><span style="font-style:italic">History - the British Crime Survey</span></p><p>The CSEW was formerly known as the <span style="font-style:italic">British Crime Survey</span> (BCS), and has been in existence since 1981. The 1982 and 1988 BCS waves were also conducted in Scotland (data held separately under SNs 4368 and 4599). Since 1993, separate <a href="https://beta.ukdataservice.ac.uk/datacatalogue/series/series?id=2000046">Scottish Crime and Justice Surveys</a> have been conducted. Up to 2001, the BCS was conducted biennially. From April 2001, the Office for National Statistics took over the survey and it became the CSEW. Interviewing was then carried out continually and reported on in financial year cycles. The crime reference period was altered to accommodate this. <br /></p><p> </p><p><em>Secure Access CSEW data<br /></em>In addition to the main survey, a series of questions covering drinking behaviour, drug use, self-offending, gangs and personal security, and intimate personal violence (IPV) (including stalking and sexual victimisation) are asked of adults via a laptop-based self-completion module (questions may vary over the years). Children aged 10-15 years also complete a separate self-completion questionnaire. The questionnaires are included in the main documentation, but the data are only available under Secure Access conditions (see SN 7280), not with the main study. In addition, from 2011 onwards, lower-level geographic variables are also available under Secure Access conditions (see SN 7311).<br /><br /><span style="font-style:italic">New methodology for capping the number of incidents from 2017-18</span><br />The CSEW datasets available from 2017-18 onwards are based on a new methodology of capping the number of incidents at the 98th percentile. Incidence variables names have remained consistent with previously supplied data but due to the fact they are based on the new 98th percentile cap, and old datasets are not, comparability has been lost with years prior to 2012-2013. More information can be found in the 2017-18 User Guide (see SN 8464) and the article ‘<a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/articles/improvingvictimisationestimatesderivedfromthecrimesurveyforenglandandwales/2019-01-24">Improving victimisation estimates derived from the Crime Survey for England and Wales</a>’. </p> <p>The self-completion modules on drinking behaviour, drugs and stolen goods&nbsp;are subject to restrictive controlled data access conditions - see SN 7280.</p><div><span style="font-weight: bold;">CSEW Historic back series – dataset update (March 2022)</span></div><div><br></div><div><p>From January 2019, all releases of crime statistics using CSEW data adopted a new methodology for measuring repeat victimisation (moving from a cap of 5 in the number of repeat incidents to tracking the 98th percentile value for major crime types).&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>To maintain a consistent approach across historic data, all datasets back to 2001 have been revised to the new methodology. The change affects all incident data and related fields.&nbsp; A “bolt-on” version of the data has been created for the 2001/02 to 2011/12 datasets. This “bolt-on” dataset contains only variables previously supplied impacted by the change in methodology. These datasets can be merged onto the existing BCS NVF and VF datasets. A template ‘merge’ SPSS syntax file is provided, which will need to be adapted for other software formats.</p><p>For the seventh edition (March 2022), “bolt-on” datasets for the NVF and VF files, example merge syntax and additional documentation have been added to the study to accommodate the latest CSEW repeat victimisation measurement methodology. See the documentation for further details.</p></div>

*英格兰及威尔士犯罪调查（Crime Survey for England and Wales, CSEW）*会从随机抽样的家庭中选取一名成年受访者，询问其本人或家庭成员在过去12个月内遭受犯罪侵害的经历。相关信息记录于**受害者表单（Victim Form, VF）**数据集文件中。随后调查涵盖人口统计学与犯罪相关主题的大量问题，例如对警方及刑事司法系统（Criminal Justice System, CJS）的态度，此类变量存储于**非受害者表单（Non-Victim Form, NVF）**数据集文件中。2009年，该调查将受访对象扩展至10至15岁儿童：调查人员会从家庭中选取一名该年龄段居民，询问其遭受犯罪侵害的经历及其他相关话题。首批儿童调查数据覆盖2009年1月至12月，以独立数据集形式存储，编号为SN 6601。自2009-2010年度起，儿童调查数据的覆盖周期与成人调查一致，并纳入主研究数据集。

*英格兰及威尔士电话式犯罪调查（Telephone-operated Crime Survey for England and Wales, TCSEW）*于2020年5月20日正式启用，作为2020年3月17日因新冠疫情（COVID-19）暂停的面对面版CSEW的替代方案，旨在测算疫情期间的犯罪水平。由于2020/21调查年度内疫情持续蔓延，学界对截至2021年3月的TCSEW数据能否与早年面对面版CSEW的估算结果可比提出了质疑。英国国家统计局（Office for National Statistics, ONS）发布的<a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/methodologies/comparabilitybetweenthetelephoneoperatedcrimesurveyforenglandandwalesandthefacetofacecrimesurveyforenglandandwales">《英格兰及威尔士电话式与面对面版犯罪调查可比性报告》</a>，深入探讨了可能影响TCSEW与原面对面版CSEW估算结果可比性的各类因素，包括调查设计、抽样设计、问卷调整及调查模式变更。

更多关于CSEW的通用信息可查阅英国国家统计局官网的<a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/surveys/informationforhouseholdsandindividuals/householdandindividualsurveys/crimesurveyforenglandandwales">英格兰及威尔士犯罪调查</a>页面；而关于其前身英国犯罪调查（British Crime Survey, BCS）的信息，则可登录GOV.UK官网的<a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/british-crime-survey-methodology">BCS方法论</a>页面获取。

*历史沿革——英国犯罪调查*

CSEW的前身为*英国犯罪调查（British Crime Survey, BCS）*，最早始于1981年。1982年与1988年的BCS调查轮次同时在苏格兰开展，相关数据以独立数据集形式存储，编号分别为SN 4368与SN 4599。自1993年起，英国开始独立开展<a href="https://beta.ukdataservice.ac.uk/datacatalogue/series/series?id=2000046">苏格兰犯罪与司法调查</a>。2001年之前，BCS每两年开展一次。2001年4月起，英国国家统计局接手该调查并将其更名为CSEW，此后调查转为持续开展，并以财政年度为周期发布报告，同时调整了犯罪统计的参考周期以适配新的执行模式。

*CSEW安全访问数据*

除主调查外，研究人员会通过基于笔记本电脑的自填式模块向成年受访者询问一系列问题，内容涵盖饮酒行为、药物使用、自我伤害、帮派问题、个人安全，以及亲密伴侣暴力（Intimate Personal Violence, IPV，包括跟踪骚扰与性侵害）等（各年度的问题或存在差异）。10至15岁的儿童也需填写独立的自填式问卷。上述问卷已纳入主研究文档，但相关数据仅可通过安全访问权限获取（详见编号SN 7280），无法随主研究数据集一同发布。此外，自2011年起，低层级地理变量也需通过安全访问权限获取（详见编号SN 7311）。

*2017-18年度起实施的事件数封顶新方法*
2017-18年度及之后发布的CSEW数据集，采用了将事件数封顶至第98百分位数的新方法论。尽管相关发生率变量的命名与此前发布的数据保持一致，但由于新数据集基于第98百分位数封顶规则，而旧数据集未采用该规则，因此2012-2013年度之前的CSEW数据与后续数据已失去可比性。更多相关信息可查阅2017-18年度用户指南（详见编号SN 8464）及文章<a href="https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/articles/improvingvictimisationestimatesderivedfromthecrimesurveyforenglandandwales/2019-01-24">《优化英格兰及威尔士犯罪调查的受害估算结果》</a>。

关于饮酒行为、药物使用及被盗物品的自填式模块数据，需受限于严格的受控访问权限——详见编号SN 7280。

**CSEW历史回溯数据集——2022年3月数据集更新**

自2019年1月起，所有使用CSEW数据发布的犯罪统计报告，均采用了全新的重复受害测算方法：将原有的重复事件数封顶值（5次）调整为针对主要犯罪类型追踪第98百分位数。

为确保历史数据的分析一致性，所有追溯至2001年的数据集均已按新方法论完成修订，此次修订影响所有事件数据及相关字段。研究团队为2001/02至2011/12年度的数据集创建了“增补式”数据版本：该版本仅包含受方法论变更影响的原有变量，可与现有的BCS NVF及VF数据集进行合并。官方提供了SPSS合并语法模板文件，用户可根据其他软件格式自行调整适配。

在2022年3月发布的第七版更新中，本研究新增了针对NVF与VF文件的“增补式”数据集、合并语法示例及补充文档，以适配最新的CSEW重复受害测算方法论。更多细节可查阅相关文档。