Snow height on sea ice and sea ice drift from autonomous measurements from buoy 2022S119, deployed during the Endurance22 expedition in 2022

Snow height was measured by the Snow Buoy 2022S119, an autonomous platform, drifting on Antarctic sea ice, deployed during the expedition Endurance22 with S. A. Agulhas II in 2022. The resulting time series describes the evolution of snow height as a function of place and time between 16 Feb 2022 and 22 Sep 2022 in sample intervals of 1 hour. The Snow Buoy consists of four independent sonar measurements representing the area (approx. 10 m**2) around the buoy. The buoy was installed on first year ice. In addition to snow depth, geographic position (GPS), barometric pressure, air temperature, and an internal ice temperature were measured. Negative values of snow height occur if surface ablation continues into the sea ice. Thus, these measurements describe the position of the sea ice surface relative to the original snow-ice interface. Differences between single sensors indicate small-scale variability of the snow pack around the buoy. The data set has been processed and contains quality flags for different kinds for erroneous data. Flag values are the sum of individual error codes. The value of 0 refers to no error. Quality flag, position: The geographic position is flagged +1 if the drift velocity, as derived from the GPS longitude and latitude, exceeds a threshold of 10 deg latitude or 50 deg longitude per time step; +2 if the position exceeds extreme values, such as longitude > 360 deg; +4 if the position is exactly 0.0. Quality flag, snow: The snow height is flagged for each sensor +1 for manual corrections during processing (e.g. sensor issues); +2 if the snow accumulation exceeds 0.1 m per hour; +4 if the difference in snow height is larger than 0.03 m compared to values within the last and next 2 hours; +32 if the value exceeds the height of sensor on the platform at 1.5 m. Quality flag, temperature: The air temperature is flagged +1 for manual corrections during processing (e.g. sensor issues); + 32 if the value is below – 50 °C.
Quality flag, pressure: The barometric pressure is flagged +1 for manual corrections during processing (e.g. sensor issues).

本数据集的雪面高度数据由雪浮标（Snow Buoy）2022S119测得，该浮标为搭载于南极海冰的自主漂流观测平台，于2022年随“Endurance22”考察队搭乘S. A. Agulhas II号科考船完成部署。所得时间序列记录了2022年2月16日至2022年9月22日期间，雪面高度随空间位置与时间的演化过程，采样间隔为1小时。
该雪浮标搭载4组独立声呐测量单元，覆盖浮标周边约10平方米的观测区域。浮标部署于一年海冰（first year ice）之上。除雪深外，本数据集同时记录了地理定位（GPS）、大气压强、气温以及浮标内部冰温等观测参数。
当表面消融延伸至海冰内部时，雪面高度会出现负值。此类数据表征的是海冰表面相对于初始雪-冰界面的位置偏移。各传感器间的测量差值可反映浮标周边积雪的小尺度空间变异性。
本数据集已经过预处理，包含针对各类异常数据的质量标记（quality flags），标记值为各单项错误代码的总和，值为0代表无异常。
定位质量标记：若基于GPS经纬度计算得到的漂移速度超过阈值（每时间步长纬度变化超过10°或经度变化超过50°），则标记+1；若经纬度超出极端范围（如经度>360°），则标记+2；若定位值恰好为0.0，则标记+4。
积雪质量标记：针对每个传感器，若处理过程中进行过人工校正（如传感器故障），则标记+1；若小时积雪增量超过0.1米，则标记+2；若与前后2小时内的观测值相比，雪面高度差值超过0.03米，则标记+4；若观测值超出平台上传感器的安装高度（1.5米），则标记+32。
气温质量标记：若处理过程中进行过人工校正（如传感器故障），则标记+1；若观测值低于-50°C，则标记+32。
气压质量标记：若处理过程中进行过人工校正（如传感器故障），则标记+1。