Traditional ecological knowledge of fish fauna in quilombolas on the Alto Guaporé, Mato Grosso, Southern Amazonia, Brazil

Abstract The objective of this research was to study the traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) related to fishing among the ethnic group self-identified as quilombola people, and it included analysis of factors influencing the cultural consensus and techniques used in artisanal fishing. Twenty-four men and seven women from the Retiro, Boqueirão, Casalvasco and Manga quilombo communities participated. Sampling methods included snowball, free listing, and participant observation. The results include a list of 47 ethnospecies (46 fish and one reptile). The cultural consensus is composed of: Hoplias malabaricus, Cichla sp., Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum, Astronotus ocellatus, Satanoperca pappaterra, Brycon cephalus, Piaractus mesopotamicus, P. corruscans, Pimelodus sp., Colossoma macropomum, Pygocentrus nattereri, Mylossoma aureum, Astyanax sp., and Leporinus freiderici. While the wealth of knowledge tended to be greater among people who resided temporarily in other Brazilian states, this was not related to the age of the interviewees. The maintenance and transmission of TEK stems from daily contact with fish and the river, from childhood on, as well as observation of group fishing practices. TEK is part of their identity and represents a valuable cultural heritage. Participation by these social actors in decision-making and management plans for protected areas is necessary.

摘要 本研究旨在探究自我认同为基隆博人（quilombola）的族群所拥有的与捕鱼相关的传统生态知识（Traditional Ecological Knowledge，TEK），并分析影响其渔业文化共识及手工捕鱼技术的相关因素。来自Retiro、Boqueirão、Casalvasco及Manga基隆博社区的24名男性与7名女性参与了本次研究。抽样方法包括滚雪球抽样、自由列举法与参与式观察法。研究结果共记录到47种民族物种（ethnospecies），其中46种为鱼类，1种为爬行类。该族群的渔业文化共识物种包括：Hoplias malabaricus、Cichla sp.、Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum、Astronotus ocellatus、Satanoperca pappaterra、Brycon cephalus、Piaractus mesopotamicus、P. corruscans、Pimelodus sp.、Colossoma macropomum、Pygocentrus nattereri、Mylossoma aureum、Astyanax sp.及Leporinus freiderici。尽管临时旅居巴西其他州的受访者往往掌握更丰富的相关知识，但这一情况与受访者年龄并无关联。传统生态知识（TEK）的维系与传承，源于个体自幼便与鱼类及河流的日常接触，以及对群体捕鱼活动的观察实践。该族群的传统生态知识是其身份认同的重要组成部分，亦是珍贵的文化遗产。此类社会主体参与保护区的决策制定与管理规划，实为必要之举。