Irish Exclusive Economic Zone Maritime Boundary

An exclusive economic zone extends from the outer limit of the territorial sea to a maximum of 200 nautical miles (370.4 km; 230.2 mi) from the territorial sea baseline, thus it includes the contiguous zone. A coastal nation has control of all economic resources within its exclusive economic zone, including fishing, mining, oil exploration, and any pollution of those resources. However, it cannot prohibit passage or loitering above, on, or under the surface of the sea that is in compliance with the laws and regulations adopted by the coastal State in accordance with the provisions of the UN Convention, within that portion of its exclusive economic zone beyond its territorial sea. Before the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1982, coastal nations arbitrarily extended their territorial waters in an effort to control activities which are now regulated by the exclusive economic zone, such as offshore oil exploration or fishing rights (see Cod Wars). Indeed, the exclusive economic zone is still popularly, though erroneously, called a coastal nation's territorial waters. None

专属经济区（Exclusive Economic Zone）的范围从领海的外部界限起，延伸至距领海基线最多200海里（370.4千米；230.2英里），因此该区域涵盖毗连区。沿海国对其专属经济区内的所有经济资源享有管辖权，包括渔业、采矿、石油勘探以及对上述资源造成的任何污染。但在其专属经济区中领海以外的海域内，对于遵守沿海国依据《联合国海洋法公约》相关条款制定的法律法规的船舶，沿海国不得禁止其航行或在海面、海面上下及水下逗留。在1982年《联合国海洋法公约》通过之前，沿海国曾擅自扩大领海范围，以管控如今由专属经济区制度规范的各类活动，例如近海石油勘探或捕鱼权（详见鳕鱼战争）。事实上，尽管存在误用，专属经济区仍常被民众误称为沿海国的领海。