MATERIAL SELECTION AND INVESTIGATION OF OPERATIONAL PROPERTIES OF SPECIAL CLOTHING FOR PAINTING WORKSHOP WORKERS

Workers in industrial painting workshops are chronically exposed to complex chemical environments comprising solvents, isocyanates, epoxy resins, chromium-based primers, and flammable aerosols, generating multi-hazard risk profiles that current general-purpose workwear inadequately addresses. This study presents a systematic experimental investigation of material selection and operational properties for special protective clothing tailored to painting workshop conditions. A quantitative industrial hygiene survey of five painting facilities (n = 87 workers) established that four of seven measured chemical agents exceeded occupational exposure limits (OELs) by factors of 1.44–2.84×, confirming the critical need for effective barrier clothing. Four candidate fabric systems were fabricated and subjected to a comprehensive test battery: polyamide-cotton (65/35) with flame-retardant (FR) finishing; para-aramid (Nomex® III A); polyester-cotton (67/33) with nano-TiO₂ multifunctional coating; and PTFE membrane laminate composite. Testing encompassed chemical permeation (EN ISO 6529), flame resistance (EN ISO 11612), antistatic performance (EN 1149-3), mechanical durability after 50 industrial laundering cycles (ISO 6330), and physiological comfort indices (ISO 11092). The polyester-cotton/nano-TiO₂ system achieved the highest composite score (7.62/10) in an analytically hierarchical process (AHP) weighted multi-criteria analysis, combining adequate chemical resistance (toluene breakthrough time: 35.6 min), superior antistatic properties (surface resistivity: 3.5×10⁷ Ω), good breathability (MVTR: 5,140 g/m²/24h), and cost efficiency suitable for industrial replacement cycles. Para-aramid demonstrated superior protection across all single-hazard criteria but at prohibitive cost for routine garment replacement. The nano-TiO₂ fabric system is recommended as primary material for painting workshop PPE, with para-aramid hybrid construction proposed for high-exposure roles. These findings provide evidence-based material guidance for occupational safety engineers, procurement specialists, and textile manufacturers.工业涂装车间的工人长期暴露于由溶剂、异氰酸酯、环氧树脂、铬基底漆及易燃气溶胶构成的复杂化学环境中，所形成的多危害风险特征无法被当前通用工作服有效应对。本研究针对涂装车间工况，开展了适配性特种防护服的材料选型与使用性能系统性实验研究。通过对5家涂装设施开展定量工业卫生调研（共纳入87名工人作为研究样本），证实7种检测化学药剂中有4种的浓度超出职业接触限值（Occupational Exposure Limits，OELs）1.44~2.84倍，明确了高效阻隔防护服的迫切需求。本研究制备了4种候选面料体系，并开展全项性能测试：经阻燃整理的锦棉（65/35）混纺织物、对位芳纶（Nomex® III A）、经纳米二氧化钛（nano-TiO₂）多功能涂层整理的涤棉（67/33）混纺织物，以及聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）膜层复合面料。测试项目涵盖化学渗透性能（依据EN ISO 6529标准）、阻燃性能（EN ISO 11612）、抗静电性能（EN 1149-3）、经50次工业洗涤循环后的机械耐用性（ISO 6330），以及生理舒适性能指标（ISO 11092）。经层次分析法（Analytic Hierarchy Process，AHP）加权的多准则分析显示，涤棉/纳米二氧化钛面料体系的综合评分最高（7.62/10），其具备良好的化学阻隔性能（甲苯穿透时间：35.6 min）、优异的抗静电性能（表面电阻率：3.5×10⁷ Ω）、较佳的透气性（水蒸气透过率MVTR：5140 g/m²/24h），且成本适配工业更换周期。对位芳纶面料在单项危害防护性能上表现最优，但常规服装更换所需成本过高，难以规模化推广应用。本研究推荐将纳米二氧化钛面料体系作为涂装车间个人防护装备（Personal Protective Equipment，PPE）的首选材料，同时提出将对位芳纶混杂结构应用于高暴露岗位。本研究结果可为职业安全工程师、采购专员及纺织制造商提供循证的材料选型指导。