Blockchain and Its Application in the Peer Review of Scientific Papers: A Systematic Review

Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that ensures the security and transparency of data, guaranteeing that it cannot be altered. Its application in the peer review of scientific papers can contribute to improving the integrity, transparency, and efficiency of the process, mitigating issues of manipulation and fraud. This work analyzes the contributions of various research studies that address the use of blockchain technology in peer review. The study is a systematic literature review (SLR) in which the PRISMA methodology was applied. Fifty primary studies were identified through searches in databases such as Scopus, Science Direct, IEEE Xplore, and ACM. The analyzed research reveals innovative approaches, such as decentralized solutions, smart contracts, and token economy, to address challenges like biases, transparency, and speed in the review process. It is concluded that this technology can enhance the transparency and efficiency of peer review, and has the potential not only to overcome current limitations in peer review but also to redefine the structure and culture of scientific research.区块链（Blockchain）作为一种可保障数据安全与透明性、且不可篡改的分布式账本技术，将其应用于科研论文同行评议（Peer Review）环节，有助于提升该流程的完整性、透明度与效率，同时缓解学术操纵与造假等问题。本研究针对诸多探讨区块链技术在同行评议中应用的相关学术成果展开分析，属于采用PRISMA方法的系统文献综述（Systematic Literature Review, SLR）。研究团队通过检索斯高帕斯（Scopus）、Science Direct、IEEE Xplore以及ACM等学术数据库，共筛选出50项原始研究。经分析的相关研究揭示了多项创新性解决方案，例如去中心化解决方案、智能合约以及通证经济（Token Economy），用以应对同行评议流程中存在的审稿偏见、透明度缺失以及评审效率低下等挑战。研究结论表明，该技术可有效提升同行评议的透明度与效率，不仅有望突破当前同行评议体系的现有局限，更具备重塑科学研究的组织架构与学术文化的潜力。