Data and R script used in: Artificial light changes visual perception by pollinators in a hawkmoth-plant interaction system

Dataset and full R script used in the data analysis of the paper "Artificial light changes visual perception by pollinators in a hawkmoth-plant interaction system". Summary: Night-flying pollinators, such as hawkmoths, are particularly vulnerable to the global spread of urban artificial lighting which is changing nighttime environments worldwide, impacting organisms and their interactions. Incident light quality can alter flower and leaf color perception by insects, depending on the emission spectra of light sources and the spectral sensitivity of insects. We asked, using Manduca sexta visual models, whether color contrast against natural backgrounds is altered by artificial lights for flowers and leaves of 16 plant species with an estimated long history of coevolution with hawkmoth pollinators. Specifically, we compared the perception of flowers and leaves by hawkmoths under artificial lights, including light-emitting diodes (5000 K LED), mercury vapor (MV), and high-pressure sodium (HPS) artificial lights, with the perception under natural illuminations. The models we implemented estimate that LED and HPS lighting change hawkmoth perception of flowers and leaves, with color loci appearing nearer to each other in hawkmoths perceptual space than they would be under natural nighttime conditions. Receptor Noise Limited models show that under the different lighting conditions hawkmoths would still discriminate flowers from their leaves in most but not all species. Consequently, artificial lights likely alter perception by hawkmoths of floral and leaf signals possibly affecting interactions and fitness of plants and pollinators. Our results emphasize the intricate and insidious ways in which human-made environments impact species interactions. Further studies should confirm whether light pollution represents a novel selective force to nocturnal interacting partners as emerging evidence suggests. Addressing the effects of artificial lighting is crucial for designing infrastructure development strategies that minimize these far-reaching effects on ecosystem functioning.本数据集与完整R脚本，用于支撑论文《人工光照通过天蛾-植物互作系统改变传粉昆虫的视觉感知》（原英文标题：Artificial light changes visual perception by pollinators in a hawkmoth-plant interaction system）中的数据分析工作。 摘要：夜行性传粉昆虫（如天蛾）极易受到全球城市人工照明的影响——此类照明正在改变全球夜间环境，进而对生物及其种间互作造成负面影响。入射光的光谱特性会因光源发射光谱与昆虫光谱敏感性的差异，改变昆虫对花与叶片的颜色感知。本研究利用烟草天蛾(Manduca sexta)视觉模型，针对16种与天蛾传粉者历经长期协同进化的植物，探究人工光照是否会改变其花与叶片相对于自然背景的颜色对比度。具体而言，我们对比了天蛾在三种人工光源（发光二极管(5000 K LED)、汞蒸气灯(MV)、高压钠灯(HPS)）与自然光照条件下对花与叶片的视觉感知。所构建的模型显示，LED与HPS光照会改变天蛾对花与叶片的视觉感知，使得天蛾感知空间内的花与叶片颜色位点相较于自然夜间条件下更为接近。受体噪声受限模型(Receptor Noise Limited models)表明，在不同光照条件下，天蛾仍可区分多数物种的花与叶片，但并非全部物种。由此可见，人工光照可能会改变天蛾对花部与叶部信号的感知，进而可能影响植物与传粉者的种间互作及适合度。本研究结果凸显了人工环境干扰物种互作的复杂且隐蔽的路径。现有新兴证据表明，光污染或许是夜行性互作生物面临的新型选择压力，未来需开展进一步研究予以验证。针对人工光照影响的评估，对于制定基础设施发展策略、尽可能降低其对生态系统功能的深远影响至关重要。