The evolutionary history of the ancient weevil family Belidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) reveals the marks of Gondwana breakup and major floristic turnovers, including the rise of angiosperms

The rise of angiosperms to ecological dominance and the breakup of Gondwana during the Mesozoic marked major transitions in the evolutionary history of insect-plant interactions. To elucidate how contemporary trophic interactions were influenced by host plant shifts and palaeogeographical events, we integrated molecular data with information from the fossil record to construct a timetree for ancient phytophagous weevils of the beetle family Belidae. Our analyses indicate that crown-group Belidae originated approximately 138 Ma ago in Gondwana, associated with Pinopsida (conifer) host plants, with larvae likely developing in dead/decaying branches. Belids tracked their host plants as major plate movements occurred during Gondwana’s breakup, surviving on distant, disjunct landmasses. Some belids shifted to Angiospermae and Cycadopsida when and where conifers declined, evolving new trophic interactions, including brood-pollination mutualisms with cycads and associations with achlorophyllou..., , , # Data from: The evolutionary history of the ancient weevil family Belidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) reveals the marks of Gondwana breakup and major floristic turnovers, including the rise of angiosperms

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.hdr7sqvt7](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.hdr7sqvt7)

## Description of the data and file structure

#### \*.fq.gz:

NGS sequencing raw data

file naming conventions:

forward: \"specimen number\"_\"species name\".1_paired.fq.gz

reverse: \"specimen number\"_\"species name\".2_paired.fq.gz

中生代时期被子植物（Angiospermae）在生态系统中占据主导地位的演化崛起，以及冈瓦纳大陆的裂解事件，共同标志着昆虫-植物相互作用演化史上的重大转型事件。为阐明当代营养级相互作用如何受到寄主植物更替与古地理事件的影响，本研究整合分子数据与化石记录信息，为甲虫科象甲科（Belidae）下的古代植食性象甲类群构建了时间演化树。分析结果显示，冠群象甲科（Belidae）起源于约1.38亿年前的冈瓦纳大陆，其寄主最初为裸子植物门（Pinopsida，针叶植物），幼虫大概率栖息于死亡或腐朽的枝条中发育。随着冈瓦纳大陆裂解过程中主要板块的漂移运动，象甲科类群跟随其寄主植物扩散，得以在遥远且相互隔离的陆块中存续。部分象甲类群在针叶植物衰退的时期与区域转向被子植物门（Angiospermae）与苏铁植物门（Cycadopsida），演化出全新的营养相互关系，包括与苏铁类的育幼传粉共生模式，以及与无叶绿素植物的……

# 数据来源：《古代象甲科（鞘翅目：象甲总科）的演化史揭示冈瓦纳裂解与主要植物区系更替的印记，包括被子植物的崛起》
[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.hdr7sqvt7]

## 数据与文件结构说明
#### *.fq.gz：
NGS测序原始数据
文件命名规范：
正向配对测序文件："标本编号"_"物种名称".1_paired.fq.gz
反向配对测序文件："标本编号"_"物种名称".2_paired.fq.gz