Non destructive test in ceramic coating using a prototype for detection of pathology

ABSTRACT In the construction sector there is a growing investment in the maintenance and repair of constructions, such as the pathologies found on floors with ceramic coating. Among the most common pathologies, it is possible to highlight the inadequate seating of the ceramic floor, which are characterized by the loss of adhesion of some plates to their base (substrate). Due to the probability of accidents involving users and the high costs of repair, this is considered an important pathology. The objective of this work is to present a new nondestructive test methodology, based on the development of a tool based on the kinetic and acoustic response of a prototype, which, when a ceramic floor with the loss of adhesion is produced, produces “cavo” sound and a significant loss of to identify the occurrence of this pathology. Six types of ceramic flooring were used, in compliance and in conformity with the Brazilian standard, and then the coefficients of restitution of each plate were determined. The impact sounds on the boards were also picked up by a microphone and a piezoelectric pickup and processed through the Realtime Analyzer program, which produces charts that relate frequency, amplitude, sound energy, and time. The results obtained by the prototype were compared to other non-standard methods: wood rod, threaded rod, steel bar and metal sphere. It was concluded that the prototype is feasible for the detection of pathology of settlement of ceramic floor, proving to be a preventive and non-destructive strategy.

摘要：建筑行业对建筑维保的投入持续增长，其中陶瓷饰面地板的各类病害是重点关注领域之一。最为常见的病害之一为陶瓷地板铺设不到位，其典型特征为部分瓷砖与基层（substrate）丧失粘结力。此类病害可能引发使用者安全事故，且维修成本高昂，因此被视作重点病害。本研究旨在提出一种新型无损检测方法（nondestructive test methodology）：基于一款原型装置开发检测工具，该装置可在存在粘结脱离的陶瓷地板受击时产生“cavo”声，并通过显著的特征变化识别该病害的发生。本次研究采用了符合巴西国家标准的六种陶瓷地板试样，并测定了每块瓷砖的恢复系数（coefficient of restitution）。同时通过麦克风与压电拾音器采集瓷砖受击产生的声响，并通过实时分析仪（Realtime Analyzer）程序进行处理，生成关联频率、幅值、声能与时间的频谱图。将原型装置的检测结果与其他非标准检测方法——木杆、螺纹杆、钢筋与金属球——的检测结果进行对比后，最终得出结论：该原型装置可有效检测陶瓷地板空鼓病害，是一种兼具预防性与无损性的检测策略。