Bivariate Associations between Individual- and Community-Level Factors and Posttraumatic Stress or Depression Symptoms.

N = 418 participants in 293 communities (census tracts).a A higher percentage of residents living alone was conceptualized as an inverse indicator of lower social capital. SE = Standard Error. Results account for the multilevel data structure. Posttraumatic stress is indicated by Posttraumatic Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) severity scores. Depression is indicated by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) severity scores.* p ** p *** p Bivariate Associations between Individual- and Community-Level Factors and Posttraumatic Stress or Depression Symptoms.