Improved Antidiabetic Potential of Quercetin-Loaded Chitosan-Lecithin Nanoparticles for Effective Glycemic Control

Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a major global health challenge, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, has potential antidiabetic and insulin-sensitizing effects. However, its clinical use is limited by poor solubility and bioavailability. We developed the quercetin (QTN) loaded chitosan-lecithin nanoparticles (QTN/LCHS-NPs) to enhance its therapeutic profile. Materials and Methods QTN/LCHS-NPs were synthesized using a 20:1 lecthin:chitosan ratio. Characterization included encapsulation efficiency, particle size, and zeta potential. <i>In vitro</i>, drug release studies were conducted to evaluate release kinetics. <i>In vivo,</i> pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies were performed in male Wistar rats to assess bioavailability, antidiabetic activity, and lipid-modulating effects. Results The optimized QTN/LCHS-NP formulation exhibited 79.72% encapsulation efficiency, diameter of 130.1 nm, and a zeta potential of 23.46 mV. <i>In vitro</i> release studies showed a biphasic pattern, with an initial burst release followed by a sustained release of 86.10% over 24 h. Bioavailability (AUC: 167.22 h⋅µg/mL) exceeded free QTN (AUC: 26.2 h⋅µg/mL). Fasting blood glucose decreased from 292.9 to 107.7 mg/dL, along with improved lipid profiles. Conclusion QTN/LCHS-NPs significantly enhanced the oral bioavailability of quercetin and improved its antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects, demonstrating their potential as an effective delivery system for addressing metabolic disorders.