Supplementary Tables for Marqués-Gálvez et al.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicumL.) is a globally important horticultural crop, but its growth and productivity are limited by soil salinity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known to enhance salt tolerance in tomato, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. To explore this, we analyzed the transcriptional response of non-mycorrhizal and AMF-inoculated tomato roots under salt stress. AMF-inoculated roots showed altered regulation of genes involved in Ca²⁺ signalling and salt-stress sensing, includingSlMOCA1and components of the salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway such asSlSOS3,SlTFT, andSlGI. AMF also promoted ion homeostasis by altering the regulation of K⁺ transporters andSlNHXgenes encoding vacuolar H⁺/Na⁺ exchangers, contributing to improved Na⁺/K⁺ ratios. Additionally, AMF enhanced the expression of genes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification, including catalases and ascorbate peroxidases. These findings indicate that AMF inoculation supports salt-stress tolerance in tomato roots through improved stress sensing, ion regulation, and antioxidant responses. This study provides new insights into the complex molecular interactions between tomato roots and AMF under salt stress, offering potential targets for breeding or gene-editing strategies to improve crop resilience.