Data from: Offspring fitness varies with parental extra-pair status in song sparrows, Melospiza melodia

AbstractNumerous studies have tested for indirect selection on female extra-pair reproduction (EPR) by quantifying whether extra-pair young (EPY) are fitter than their within-pair young (WPY) maternal half-siblings. In contrast, the hypothesis that offspring of EPY and WPY (rather than the EPY and WPY themselves) differ in fitness has not been tested, even though inter-generational effects of parental extra-pair status on offspring fitness could alter the magnitude and direction of indirect selection on EPR. We tested whether offspring of EPY song sparrows, Melospiza melodia, were more likely to recruit or produce hatched or recruited offspring over their lifetimes than offspring of WPY. Hatchlings with one or two EPY parents were more likely to recruit and produce hatched offspring than hatchlings with two WPY parents. Furthermore, these relationships differed between maternal versus paternal extra-pair status. Hatchlings with EPY fathers were more likely to recruit and produce offspring than hatchlings with WPY fathers. In contrast, hatchlings with EPY mothers were as likely to recruit as hatchlings with WPY mothers and tended to be less likely to produce recruited offspring. Depending on the causal genetic and environmental mechanisms, such conflicting inter-generational relationships between parental extra-pair status and offspring fitness could substantially influence the evolutionary dynamics of EPR., Usage notesSurvival_geneticSurvival_socialLRS_geneticLRS_social

摘要
过往诸多研究通过量化婚外配子代（extra-pair young, EPY）是否比其母系半同胞婚内配子代（within-pair young, WPY）具有更高适合度，来检验雌性婚外配繁殖（extra-pair reproduction, EPR）所承受的间接选择。与之相对，尽管亲本婚外配状态对子代适合度的跨代效应可能会改变雌性婚外配繁殖间接选择的强度与方向，但针对「婚外配子代与婚内配子代的后代（而非婚外配子代与婚内配子代自身）在适合度上存在差异」这一假说的检验仍未开展。本研究以歌带鹀（Melospiza melodia）为研究对象，检测其婚外配子代（EPY）在一生中是否比婚内配子代（WPY）更易成功招募（即幼鸟存活至繁殖年龄并建立繁殖种群）或产生孵化子代、已招募子代。结果显示，拥有1个或2个婚外配亲本的雏鸟，相比拥有2个婚内配亲本的雏鸟，更易成功招募并产生孵化子代。此外，这类关联在母系与父系婚外配状态间存在显著差异：拥有婚外配父亲的雏鸟，相比拥有婚内配父亲的雏鸟，更易成功招募并产生子代；与之相反，拥有婚外配母亲的雏鸟与拥有婚内配母亲的雏鸟招募成功率相当，但产生已招募子代的概率往往更低。根据其潜在的遗传与环境作用机制，亲本婚外配状态与子代适合度之间的这类矛盾跨代关联，可能会显著影响雌性婚外配繁殖的进化动态。
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