The Australian neighbourhood land-use profile dataset

The land-use profile surrounding a neighbourhood is a determinant of health and associated with socioeconomic outcomes. In Australia, there is no national publicly available dataset detailing the land-use profile surrounding residential neighbourhoods. Using PostGIS a centroid was placed in every Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) defined Mesh Block (MB) – the smallest geographical structure in Australian geography which details the category of land-use (i.e. residential, parkland, commercial, industrial etc.) and population. Each MB was assigned a remoteness classification and socioeconomic status, as defined by the ABS. After a buffer based on a radius of 400 metres, 1-kilometre, 2-kilometres, and 5-kilometres was calculated around each centroid, the square metre of, and the percentage of the buffer covered by, each land-use category was calculated. This dataset will support the decisions of urban planners, diverse government departments, researchers and those involved in public and environmental health.

社区周边的土地利用格局是居民健康的重要决定因素，且与社会经济发展成果密切相关。在澳大利亚，目前尚无全国性公开可用的数据集，用于详细刻画住宅社区周边的土地利用格局。研究团队借助PostGIS工具，在澳大利亚统计局（Australian Bureau of Statistics, ABS）定义的每一个统计网格块（Mesh Block, MB，澳大利亚地理层级中最小的地理单元，可记录土地利用类别，如住宅、公园绿地、商业用地、工业用地等，与人口规模）内布设了空间质心。每个统计网格块均被赋予由澳大利亚统计局定义的偏远程度分级与社会经济地位属性。随后，针对每个空间质心，分别生成半径为400米、1千米、2千米与5千米的缓冲区，并计算各缓冲区范围内各类土地利用类型的占地面积（平方米）与占比。本数据集可为城市规划者、多部门政府机构、科研人员以及公共卫生与环境健康领域从业者的决策提供有力支撑。