The vulnerability of overwintering insects to loss of the subnivium

Aim: Winter climate change threatens the subnivium (i.e., the microhabitat that exists between the snowpack and the ground), and the community of species that depends on it for overwintering survival. One group of species that will likely exhibit an array of responses to subnivium loss are overwintering insects because they vary in their cold tolerance strategies and lower thermal limits. For an assemblage of eight insect species that range in their cold tolerance strategies and include both pollinators and pests, we investigated species-specific vulnerabilities to shifting subnivium conditions.
Location: Great Lakes region of North America
Methods: We applied information on each insect’s supercooling point to spatially- and temporally-explicit models of minimum subnivium temperatures generated from active-warming experiments and comprising three scenarios: current conditions (i.e., control), +3°C, and +5°C.
Results: Although species varied in their vulnerabilities, our predictions indi..., Active-warming Experiments
Experimental Design
In the fall of 2016-17, we installed three micro-greenhouses (2.5 m x 2.5 m x 3 m) at each study site for a total of 27 greenhouses. Each greenhouse had an aluminum frame with walls of corrugated plastic, and was equipped with a pair of heaters and vents positioned on opposite walls. At each site, greenhouses were separated by a minimum of 4.5 m, and consisted of three temperature treatments: control (GHcontrol, internal temperature = ambient temperature), 3°C warmer than ambient (GH+3°C), and 5°C warmer than ambient (GH+5°C). We also monitored the environment external to all greenhouses to capture current conditions (hereafter external).
Inside each greenhouse, we attached a temperature probe within a radiation shield (Davis Instruments Corp External Temperature Sensor), an anemometer (Davis Instruments Corp Anemometer), and a snow depth sensor (HRXL-Max Sonar WRS Series Ultrasonic Snow Depth Sensor, typical accuracy of 1%). Temperature (°..., , # The vulnerability of overwintering insects to loss of the subnivium

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4j0zpc8pk](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4j0zpc8pk)

## Description of the data and file structure

## Data provided include:

* Minimum Subnivium Temperature CSV files for the daily minimum ground temperature at each site for each treatment (9 files) plus a csv that combines this data into one file (Master_Min_Subnivium_Temps.csv). Files include A_Min_Subnivium_Temps.csv, HH_Min_Subnivium_Temps.csv, C_Min_Subnivium_Temps.csv, L_Min_Subnivium_Temps.csv, MTD_Min_Subnivium_Temps.csv, MTOP_Min_Subnivium_Temps.csv, M_Min_Subnivium_Temps.csv, TH_Min_Subnivium_Temps.csv, and SW_Min_Subnivium_Temps.csv. NA values indicate that there were not values from which to calculate minimum subnivium temperature for that day.
* Columns in CSV files
* Date (mm/dd/yyyy)
* Treat: Treatment which can be ext (external), 0 (0°C warmer than the external environment), 3 (3°C warmer than the external en...,

研究目的：冬季气候变化正威胁着雪下微生境（subnivium，即积雪与地表之间的微型生境），以及依赖该生境完成越冬存活的物种种群。对雪下微生境丧失会呈现多样响应的类群之一便是越冬昆虫，这是因为它们的耐寒策略与低温热极限存在差异。针对8种耐寒策略各异、同时包含传粉昆虫与害虫的昆虫类群，我们探究了各物种对雪下微生境条件变化的特异性脆弱性。
研究区域：北美洲五大湖地区
研究方法：我们基于每种昆虫的过冷却点（supercooling point）数据，结合主动增温实验生成的雪下最低温度时空显式模型，设置了三种情景：当前环境（即对照组）、升温3℃、升温5℃。
研究结果：尽管各物种的脆弱性存在差异，但我们的预测结果显示……
# 主动增温实验
## 实验设计
2016至2017年秋季，我们在每个研究样地安装了3个微型温室（尺寸为2.5 m × 2.5 m × 3 m），总计27个温室。每个温室采用铝制框架搭配波纹塑料墙体，并在相对的两侧墙面安装了加热器与通风口。每个样地内的温室间距不小于4.5 m，共设置三种温度处理：对照组（GHcontrol，内部温度与环境温度一致）、较环境升温3℃（GH+3℃）、较环境升温5℃（GH+5℃）。我们同时监测了所有温室外部的环境，以获取当前环境数据（以下简称"外部组"）。
在每个温室内部，我们在辐射防护罩内安装了温度探头（Davis仪器公司外置温度传感器）、风速计（Davis仪器公司风速计）以及雪深传感器（HRXL-Max Sonar WRS系列超声波雪深传感器，典型精度为1%）。温度（单位：℃……
# 越冬昆虫对雪下微生境丧失的脆弱性
[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4j0zpc8pk](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4j0zpc8pk)

## 数据与文件结构说明

本次提供的数据包括：
针对每个处理组各研究样地的日最低地表温度对应的雪下最低温度CSV文件（共9个），以及一个整合所有数据的主文件Master_Min_Subnivium_Temps.csv。具体文件包括：A_Min_Subnivium_Temps.csv、HH_Min_Subnivium_Temps.csv、C_Min_Subnivium_Temps.csv、L_Min_Subnivium_Temps.csv、MTD_Min_Subnivium_Temps.csv、MTOP_Min_Subnivium_Temps.csv、M_Min_Subnivium_Temps.csv、TH_Min_Subnivium_Temps.csv以及SW_Min_Subnivium_Temps.csv。NA值代表当日无可用数据以计算该日的雪下最低温度。
CSV文件的列字段：
* Date（日期，格式为mm/dd/yyyy）
* Treat：处理组，可取值为ext（外部组）、0（较外部环境升温0℃）、3（较外部环境升温3℃……