Metagenomics highlights artisanal ayran as a reservoir of indigenous starter culture strains

In this work, we applied shotgun metagenomic sequencing to 11 artisanal ayran samples collected in the North Caucasus. The analysis addressed microbial taxonomic profiles, functional potential, and safety-related features, including resistomes, mobilomes, bacteriocins, virulence determinants, and prophages. Our findings provide a basis for developing customised starter cultures to produce a final product with authentic organoleptic properties, improved texture, and extended shelf life.