Estimates of lifetime excess risk of lung cancer deaths based on the continuous approach in Chinese restaurants and bars.

Note: aRange of mean concentrations were estimated from field measurements in restaurants and bars in five Chinese cities in 2007 and in Beijing 2006;b breathing rates of different levels of activities specific for Chinese populations were not available and they were assumed according to recommendations by U.S. EPA [28];c servers’ exposure to SHS at work were assumed to occur mostly in four hours during peak patronage time on each of the five working days; patrons’ exposure time was based on the report that people spend an average of 13 minutes (0.22 hours) a day in restaurants and bars every day [31];d the lifetime attributable risk was calculated using the dose-response relationship estimated by Repace and Lowrey [46] (Eq.1).