Data from: Host-adapted aphid populations differ in their migratory patterns and capacity to colonize crops

1. Although phytophagous insects can vary genetically in host use and exhibit long-range movements, the combined implications of these phenomena for pest management have received limited attention.
2. To address this, we surveyed the genetic diversity of pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum using twelve microsatellite loci and assessed host association patterns and annual movement from a putative source region (Columbia River Basin) to the Palouse region of northern Idaho and western Washington, where the aphid is a pest of pea Pisum sativum.
3. A total of 320 identified unique genotypes clustered into four genetic groups, with two host plant associations: alfalfa Medicago sativa (three genetic groups), and pea Pisum sativum and vetch Vicia villosa (one genetic group). All four genetic groups occurred in the Columbia River Basin and in migrant aphids collected in pan traps during spring colonization in the Palouse during two years of this study. Patterns of group arrival on the Palouse were spatially structured early in the season, consistent with differing migration patterns. Despite genetic diversity of migrants, a single genetic group became predominant in pea crops each year.
4. Clonal laboratory colonies of pea aphids established from field-collected specimens and representing the two predominant genetic groups exhibited reciprocal performance trade-offs, with alfalfa a poor host for a pea-associated aphid genotype and vice versa.
5. Synthesis and applications. Annual spring migrants of pea aphids in the pea production region of the Palouse are genetically diverse, with different host plant affinities consistent with origination from source populations in the Columbia River Basin. As the season progresses, a single genetic group adapted to pea becomes predominant in the crop. Management of pea aphid in the Palouse will be improved by monitoring the temporal and spatial variation of specific genetic groups of the aphid arriving as immigrants at the during each crop season, providing this information to producers and adjusting estimates of risk of crop damage accordingly. The principle could apply to other pest species with host-adapted populations that colonize crops on an annual basis.

1. 虽然植食性昆虫在寄主利用方面存在遗传变异，且可进行长距离迁飞，但这两种现象对害虫治理的综合影响尚未得到足够关注。
2. 为填补这一研究空白，本研究利用12个微卫星位点（microsatellite loci）对豌豆蚜（Acyrthosiphon pisum）的遗传多样性展开调查，并评估了其寄主关联模式，以及从推测源种群区域——哥伦比亚河流域（Columbia River Basin）向爱达荷州北部与华盛顿州西部的帕卢斯（Palouse）地区的年度迁飞规律；该区域内豌豆蚜是豌豆（Pisum sativum）的主要害虫。
3. 本研究共鉴定出320个独特基因型，可聚类为4个遗传类群，对应两类寄主植物关联类型：苜蓿（Medicago sativa）关联类群（包含3个遗传类群），以及豌豆与长柔毛野豌豆（Vicia villosa）关联类群（仅1个遗传类群）。4个遗传类群均在哥伦比亚河流域，以及本研究两年间春季在帕卢斯地区定植时通过诱虫盘采集到的迁飞蚜中被发现。季节早期，帕卢斯地区的类群迁入模式存在空间结构，与不同迁飞规律相符。尽管迁飞蚜群体存在遗传多样性，但每年豌豆作物田中均有一个遗传类群占据主导地位。
4. 从田间采集标本建立的豌豆蚜无性系实验室种群（涵盖两个优势遗传类群）表现出互作适合度权衡：苜蓿对豌豆关联的蚜基因型并非适宜寄主，反之亦然。
5. 综合与应用：帕卢斯豌豆产区的豌豆蚜春季年度迁飞种群具有遗传多样性，其不同寄主亲和性与哥伦比亚河流域的源种群起源一致。随着季节推进，单一适应豌豆的遗传类群会在作物田中占据主导。通过监测每个作物季迁入的蚜虫特定遗传类群的时空动态，将相关信息传递给种植者并据此调整作物受害风险评估，可优化帕卢斯地区豌豆蚜的害虫治理策略。该原理同样可推广至其他具有寄主适应性种群、每年定植作物的害虫物种。