Aesthetic Ratings of Photos of the Great Barrier Reef for Online Survey (NESP TWQ 3.2.4, JCU)

This dataset presents the raw data obtained from 1415 online and representative Australian that were asked to aesthetically rate 180 photos of typical coral reef landscapes. Mean aesthetic ratings of 180 photos were collected from the survey, as well as from an expert research team, contributing mean ratings of coral reef health, coral cover, coral pattern, coral topography, fish abundance, and visibility.Please note that CSIRO have published a version of this dataset on 29 May 2019, which should be considered the primary source of data information (i.e. citation for data files found on the CSIRO Portal). The published eAtlas version includes files supplied by the project to the eAtlas for publication. The eAtlas version differs in format (RatingsAesthetics.csv - includes the photo mean score) and includes a second spreadsheet containing information not available in the CSIRO version (Ratings-All.csv) which captures each photo's ratings against five factors (coral health, coral cover, coral topography, fish abundance and visibility), as outlined in point two below. The CSIRO version contains the SPSS data extract and codebook (xlsx file), as well as the photo ratings summary (PhotoRatingsInd.xlsx) without the calculated mean.Methods:1.    A survey was constructed to collect simple demographic information about each participant, the self-rated level of interest in coral reefs, and aesthetic ratings for each photo on a scale of 1-10 (where 1=extremely unattractive, and 10=extremely attractive). Once an individual agreed to partake in the survey, they were sent a survey with 50 photographs randomly chosen from the pool of 181 photographs. It was noted that the quality of responses could be affected if more than 50 photos were viewed (where 50 photos represented a ten-minute survey). The style of the survey was not dissimilar from very popular online games in which individuals are asked to rank aesthetic preferences of fashion or interior design items. A full list of the images used in the survey is available in Appendix 1 (1-90)A total of 1,417 individuals participated in the study, where each photo was rated at least 380 times on the ten-point scale. Twenty-nine percent of the sample came from Queensland, and 71% were distributed across Australia. Some 62.3% of people came from Metropolitan Australia, whilst 37.7 came from rural/regional Australia. Some 51.4% were female. Participants represented a range of experiences with the Great Barrier Reef, where 7.2% had never visited, and 7.9% did not find coral reefs that interesting. Most participants (99.6%) were not part of a GBR based club or community groups, such as a spear-fishing club. The average age for the sample population was 46.96 (standard error=0.471), and ranged from 16 to 89. 2.    We identified 180 underwater coral reef photographs from those that were publicly available (www.gbrmpa.gov.au) or existed in the combined image libraries of the study authors. They represented typical underwater images from the GBR, with a common oblique perspective taken from approximately 5-10 m above a coral substrate. This perspective characterised the image that a person would see as soon as they placed their head beneath the water, and it was similar to the visual perspective used in monitoring surveys conducted by manta-towing at the Australian Institute of Marine Science. Some photos were duplicated and placed randomly, and some were modified using photo editing software to manipulate one feature independent of others, for the purposes of ‘checking’ the consistency and subtleties associated with making aesthetic judgements.Each photo was rated for each of the five factors (on a scale of low, medium, high) by members of the research team with experience in coral reefs; coral health, coral cover, coral topography, fish abundance, and visibility. Given that there were insufficient photos representing abundant fish and poor visibility, a total of 20 photos were manipulated to enhance or de-emphasise certain factors. These photos ensured that we could attribute differences in aesthetic appeal of each photo to at least one of the five factors. The final set of photos represented realistic coral reef images across all five factors, with a greater representation of images containing moderately high coral cover to capture the nuances across the scale of potential ratings and also to aide engagement during online rating sessionsFormat: This dataset consists of two CSV files and two PDF files. The two CSV files contain the data on aesthetic ratings from an online survey, and ratings on reef health and abundance. eAtlas Note: The original files were provided as Excel spreadsheet tables and were converted to CSV files. Photographs and analysis were originally supplied as word document files and have been converted to PDF files.References:Marshall, N.A., Marshall, P.A., and Smith, A.K. (2017) Managing for Aesthetic Values in the Great Barrier Reef: Identifying indicators and linking Reef Aesthetics with Reef Health. Report to the National Environmental Science Programme. Reef and Rainforest Research Centre Limited, Cairns (102 pp.).Data Location:This dataset is filed in the eAtlas enduring data repository at: eAtlas/nesp3/3.2.4_Defining-assessing-GBR-aesthetics

本数据集收录了来自1417名具有代表性的澳大利亚在线受访者的原始调研数据，这些受访者受邀对180张典型珊瑚礁景观照片进行美学评分。本数据集同时收录了从调研中获取的180张照片的平均美学评分，以及由专家研究团队给出的珊瑚礁健康度、珊瑚覆盖率、珊瑚形态、珊瑚地形、鱼类丰度与能见度的平均评分。
请注意：澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织（CSIRO）已于2019年5月29日发布了本数据集的一个版本，该版本应被视为数据信息的主要来源（即引用CSIRO门户中收录的数据文件时需以此版本为准）。已发布的eAtlas版本包含本项目提交至eAtlas用于公开的数据集文件。eAtlas版本在格式上有所差异（RatingsAesthetics.csv - 包含照片平均评分），且额外包含一份CSIRO版本中未收录的电子表格（Ratings-All.csv），该表格记录了每张照片在下文第2点中提及的五项因素下的评分：珊瑚健康度、珊瑚覆盖率、珊瑚地形、鱼类丰度与能见度。CSIRO版本则包含SPSS数据提取文件与编码手册（xlsx格式文件），以及未计算平均得分的照片评分汇总表（PhotoRatingsInd.xlsx）。

研究方法：
1. 调研设计：本调研用于收集每位受访者的基础人口统计信息、自我报告的珊瑚礁兴趣程度，以及针对每张照片的1-10分制美学评分（1分代表"极不美观"，10分代表"极具吸引力"）。在受访者同意参与调研后，系统将从181张照片池中随机抽取50张发送至其问卷中。研究团队注意到，若查看的照片数量超过50张（50张照片对应的调研时长约为10分钟），可能会影响作答质量。本次调研的形式与当下热门的在线游戏类似，即要求用户对时尚或室内设计物品的美学偏好进行排序。调研所用的全部图像清单详见附录1（1-90号）。
本次调研共有1417名受访者参与，每张照片的10分制评分次数均不低于380次。样本中有29%来自昆士兰州，其余71%分布于澳大利亚全境。约62.3%的受访者来自澳大利亚大城市地区，37.7%来自乡村/区域地区。受访者中女性占比51.4%。受访者对大堡礁（Great Barrier Reef, GBR）的游览经历各不相同：7.2%的受访者从未到访过大堡礁，7.9%的受访者对珊瑚礁兴趣平平。绝大多数受访者（99.6%）未加入任何与大堡礁相关的俱乐部或社区团体（如渔猎俱乐部）。样本群体的平均年龄为46.96岁（标准误=0.471），年龄跨度为16岁至89岁。
2. 照片选取：研究团队从公开渠道（www.gbrmpa.gov.au）或研究作者联合图像库中筛选出180张水下珊瑚礁照片。这些照片均为典型的大堡礁水下图像，采用统一的斜向拍摄视角，拍摄高度约为珊瑚基质上方5-10米。该视角模拟了人们潜入水中后即刻看到的景象，与澳大利亚海洋科学研究所（Australian Institute of Marine Science, AIMS）采用拖曳式蝠鲼法（manta-towing）开展的监测调研所用的视觉视角一致。部分照片被重复随机放置，另有部分照片通过图像编辑软件仅修改单一特征（不影响其他特征），用于"校验"美学判断的一致性与细微差异。
研究团队中具备珊瑚礁研究经验的成员，针对每张照片的五项因素（采用低、中、高三级评分）进行评分，五项因素分别为：珊瑚健康度、珊瑚覆盖率、珊瑚地形、鱼类丰度与能见度。由于代表"鱼类丰度高"与"能见度差"的原始照片数量不足，研究团队共修改了20张照片，以强化或弱化特定因素。这些修改后的照片确保了每张照片的美学吸引力差异均可归因于至少一项上述五项因素。最终的照片集合涵盖了五项因素的真实珊瑚礁图像，其中中等偏高珊瑚覆盖率的图像占比更高，以便覆盖评分区间内的所有细微差异，同时提升在线评分环节的参与度。

数据格式：本数据集包含2个CSV格式文件与2个PDF格式文件。其中2个CSV文件分别收录在线调研的美学评分数据，以及珊瑚礁健康度与鱼类丰度评分数据。eAtlas备注：原始文件为Excel电子表格，已转换为CSV格式。照片与分析材料原始格式为Word文档，已转换为PDF格式。

参考文献：Marshall, N.A.、Marshall, P.A.与Smith, A.K.（2017）《大堡礁美学价值管理：识别指标并关联珊瑚礁美学与健康状况》，提交给国家环境科学计划的报告，凯恩斯：珊瑚礁与雨林研究中心有限公司（102页）。

数据存储位置：本数据集归档于eAtlas长期数据存储库，路径为：eAtlas/nesp3/3.2.4_Defining-assessing-GBR-aesthetics