Locations of hydraulic-head observations (HOBS) for the Central Valley Hydrologic Model (CVHM)

This digital dataset defines the well locations for hydraulic-head observations used in the calibration of the transient
hydrologic model of the Central Valley flow system. The Central Valley encompasses an approximate 50,000
square-kilometer region of California. The complex hydrologic system of the Central Valley is simulated using
the USGSs numerical modeling code MODFLOW-FMP (Schmid and others, 2006). This application is referred
to here as the Central Valley Hydrologic Model (CVHM) (Faunt, 2009). Utilizing MODFLOW-FMP, the CVHM
simulates groundwater and surface-water flow, irrigated agriculture, land subsidence, and other key processes
in the Central Valley on a monthly basis from 1961-2003. The USGS and DWR maintain databases of key wells
in the Central Valley that are web-accessible (http://waterdata.usgs.gov and http://www.water.ca.gov/waterdatalibrary/,
respectively). These data were combined to form a database of available water levels throughout the Central Valley
from 1961 to 2003. More than 850,000 water-level altitude measurements from more than 21,400 wells have been
compiled by the USGS or DWR and have been entered into their respective databases. However, only a small
proportion of these wells have both sufficient construction information to determine the well-perforation interval and
water-level measurements for the simulation period. For model calibration, water-level altitude data were needed
that were (1) distributed spatially (both geographically and vertically) throughout the Central Valley, from the
valley trough to the foothills; (2) distributed temporally throughout the simulation period (1961-2003); and (3)
available during both wet and dry climatic regimes. From the available wells records, a subset of comparison
wells was selected on the basis of perforation depths, completeness of record, climatic intervals, and locations
throughout the Central Valley. Water-level altitude observations (19,725) for 206 comparison wells were used as
calibration targets during parameter estimation. The CVHM is the most recent regional-scale model of the Central
Valley developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).The CVHM was developed as part of the USGS Groundwater
Resources Program (see "Foreword", Chapter A, page iii, for details).