COMPETITION FOR SPACE BETWEEN FISHING AND EXPLORATORY OIL DRILLING, OBSERVED FROM A DRILLING PLATFORM IN THE ESPIRITO SANTO BASIN, SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL

Fishing and oil drilling compete for space in some regions off the Brazilian coast. Fish congregate around drilling platforms, which attracts fishing vessels that may illegally breach the 500 m safety perimeter. The objective of this study was to identify the fleets that frequent the safety zone of a platform and their behavior and to determine if there was a seasonal relationship in this interaction, during two exploration campaigns, in different periods, carried out on the "Ocean Star" platform in the Espírito Santo Basin. The results indicated a high incidence of artisanal fishing vessels inside the prohibited area, and of uncooperative behavior on the part of the boat crews. The statistical method of Factorial Correspondence Analysis distinguished vessels that were using pelagic longlines to fish for dolphinfish, registered in the state of Espírito Santo and longer than 11 m, which operated during the summer campaign. Vessels fishing for scombrids, which were less than 11 m long and registered outside Espírito Santo, were prominent in the autumn-winter campaign. In conclusion, the data showed that the fleets involved in each exploratory campaign were different, but to determine the real reason why the boats insist on frequenting the area close to the platform further study is necessary.

巴西近海部分海域存在渔业与石油钻井作业的空间竞争问题。鱼类会聚集在钻井平台周边，这会吸引渔船非法闯入500米安全防护范围。本研究以圣埃斯皮里图盆地（Espírito Santo Basin）“海洋之星”（Ocean Star）平台为研究对象，于两个不同时期的勘探航次中开展调查，旨在识别频繁造访平台安全区的渔船船队及其作业行为，并探究此类交互行为是否存在季节相关性。研究结果显示，禁入区域内小型作业渔船的出现频次极高，且渔船船员存在拒不配合的行为。本次研究采用对应分析法（Factorial Correspondence Analysis）进行统计分析，区分出在夏季航次中作业的渔船：此类渔船均为在圣埃斯皮里图州注册、船长超过11米、使用远洋延绳钓捕捞鲯鳅的作业船。而在秋冬航次中占比突出的则是船长不足11米、在圣埃斯皮里图州外注册、以鲭科鱼类为捕捞对象的渔船。综上，研究数据表明各勘探航次涉及的渔船船队存在差异，但要探明渔船执意频繁靠近平台海域的真正原因，仍需开展进一步研究。