TABLE 4 in Anesthetic potential of essential oils from Brazilian native plants in Rhamdia quelen juveniles (silver catfish)

TABLE 4 | Anesthetic induction and recovery times (s) in Rhamdia quelen juveniles exposed to essential oils of Acmella oleracea inflorescences (AOOi) and leaves (AOOl), Aloysia hatschbachii leaves (AHOl), and Cordia verbenacea leaves (CVOl). Mean ± standard deviation of the mean. Different letters in the same row indicate a significant difference between concentrations (n = 8); (-) indicates stage not reached; (-*): indicates no recovery in the maximum observation time (30 min). Concentrations (mg L- 1)AOOiStages2080100S254.9 ± 20.7 a16.1 ± 3.6 b18.7 ± 6.7 bS3a123.8 ± 41.7 a42.2 ± 13.5 b45.7± 12.4 bS3b146.8 ± 45.2 a81.4 ± 20.5 b58.7 ± 10.4 bS4153.4 ± 48.2 a97 ± 24.6 b159.8 ± 56.4 aRecovery954.6 ± 483.7 a1293 ± 376 a-*AOOlStages50 100200300S2224 ± 95.4 a 73.7 ± 49 a,b37.4 ± 19.5 b,c14 ± 7,6 cS3a320 ± 218.6 a,b 394 ± 142.1 a134.6 ± 40.1 b,c62.4 ± 19.7 cS3b263.9 ± 234.7 a,b 401.1 ± 141.4 ª188.8 ± 55.5 b,c86.6 ± 26.6 cS4211 ± 240.8 b 414 ± 135.5 a196,7 ± 57.2 b102.9 ± 46.5 bRecovery1172 ± 394.1 bc 1147 ± 402.5 c1525 ± 233.2 ab1609 ± 208.5 aAHOlStages50100300S291.7± 72.4 ab167.7 ± 120 a64.5 ± 15 bS3a314.2 ± 140.1a450 ± 160.5a113.8 ± 32.2 bS3b530.7 ± 116.8 a679.1 ± 174 a235.9 ± 39.2 bS4596.9 ± 232.4 ab795.1 ± 181.5 a449.9 ± 157.7 bRecovery813.1 ± 169.5 b933.4 ± 527.9 b1599 ± 292 aCVOlStages50 80100 200300 400S2 S3a746 ± 25.9a 711± 77.2a78.5 ± 7.7a,b 23.2 ± 5.3b,c21.3 ± 2.9b,c 7.7 ± 1.4c- -436 ± 88.5a 347± 44.8a310 ± 32.4a 122 ± 25.6aS3b- -935 ± 608.1a 627 ± 51.3a695 ± 78.6a 474 ± 101aS4- -- 1340 ± 118a1287 ± 36a 711 ± 134aRecovery968.9 ± 19a 1169 ± 130a-* -*-* -*表4 | 暴露于金纽扣（Acmella oleracea）花序精油（AOOi）、叶片精油（AOOl）、哈氏橙香木（Aloysia hatschbachii）叶片精油（AHOl）以及羽叶破布木（Cordia verbenacea）叶片精油（CVOl）的奎伦鲶（Rhamdia quelen）幼鱼的麻醉诱导与恢复时长（单位：秒）。数据以均值±标准差表示。同一行内的不同字母代表不同浓度间存在显著差异（n=8）；“(-)”表示未达到该阶段；“(-*)”表示在最大观察时长（30分钟）内未完成恢复。 ### 金纽扣花序精油（AOOi）组 浓度（mg·L⁻¹） | 20 | 80 | 100 --- | --- | --- | --- S2 | 254.9 ± 20.7 a | 16.1 ± 3.6 b | 18.7 ± 6.7 b S3a | 123.8 ± 41.7 a | 42.2 ± 13.5 b | 45.7 ± 12.4 b S3b | 146.8 ± 45.2 a | 81.4 ± 20.5 b | 58.7 ± 10.4 b S4 | 153.4 ± 48.2 a | 97 ± 24.6 b | 159.8 ± 56.4 a 恢复阶段 | 954.6 ± 483.7 a | 1293 ± 376 a | -* ### 金纽扣叶片精油（AOOl）组 浓度（mg·L⁻¹） | 50 | 100 | 200 | 300 --- | --- | --- | --- | --- S2 | 224 ± 95.4 a | 73.7 ± 49 a,b | 37.4 ± 19.5 b,c | 14 ± 7.6 c S3a | 320 ± 218.6 a,b | 394 ± 142.1 a | 134.6 ± 40.1 b,c | 62.4 ± 19.7 c S3b | 263.9 ± 234.7 a,b | 401.1 ± 141.4 a | 188.8 ± 55.5 b,c | 86.6 ± 26.6 c S4 | 211 ± 240.8 b | 414 ± 135.5 a | 196.7 ± 57.2 b | 102.9 ± 46.5 b 恢复阶段 | 1172 ± 394.1 bc | 1147 ± 402.5 c | 1525 ± 233.2 ab | 1609 ± 208.5 a ### 哈氏橙香木叶片精油（AHOl）组 浓度（mg·L⁻¹） | 50 | 100 | 300 --- | --- | --- | --- S2 | 91.7 ± 72.4 ab | 167.7 ± 120 a | 64.5 ± 15 b S3a | 314.2 ± 140.1 a | 450 ± 160.5 a | 113.8 ± 32.2 b S3b | 530.7 ± 116.8 a | 679.1 ± 174 a | 235.9 ± 39.2 b S4 | 596.9 ± 232.4 ab | 795.1 ± 181.5 a | 449.9 ± 157.7 b 恢复阶段 | 813.1 ± 169.5 b | 933.4 ± 527.9 b | 1599 ± 292 a ### 羽叶破布木叶片精油（CVOl）组 浓度（mg·L⁻¹） | 50 | 80 | 100 | 200 | 300 | 400 --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- S2、S3a | 746 ± 25.9 a、711 ± 77.2 a | 78.5 ± 7.7 a,b、23.2 ± 5.3 b,c | 21.3 ± 2.9 b,c、7.7 ± 1.4 c | -、- | 436 ± 88.5 a、347 ± 44.8 a | 310 ± 32.4 a、122 ± 25.6 a S3b | -、- | -、- | 935 ± 608.1 a | 627 ± 51.3 a | 695 ± 78.6 a | 474 ± 101 a S4 | -、-、- | -、-、- | 1340 ± 118 a | 1287 ± 36 a | 711 ± 134 a | -、- 恢复阶段 | 968.9 ± 19 a | 1169 ± 130 a | -* | -* | -* | -*