Data: A High-Throughput Phenotyping Tool to Identify Field-Relevant Anthracnose Resistance in White Lupin

The seed- and air-borne pathogen <em>Colletotrichum lupini</em>, the causal agent of lupin anthracnose, is the most important disease in white lupin (<em>Lupinus albus</em>) worldwide and can cause total yield loss. The aims of this study were to establish a reliable high-throughput phenotyping tool to identify anthracnose resistance in white lupin germplasm and to evaluate a genomic prediction model, accounting for previously reported resistance quantitative trait loci, on a set of independent lupin genotypes. Phenotyping under controlled conditions, performing stem inoculation on seedlings, showed to be applicable for high throughput, and its disease score strongly correlated with field plot disease assessments (<em>r</em> = 0.95, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001) and yield (<em>r</em> = –0.64, <em>P</em> = 0.035). Traditional one-row field disease phenotyping showed no significant correlation with field plot disease assessments (<em>r</em> = 0.31, <em>P</em> = 0.34) and yield (<em>r</em> = –0.45, <em>P</em> = 0.17). Genomically predicted resistance values showed no correlation with values observed under controlled or field conditions, and the parental lines of the recombinant inbred line population used for constructing the prediction model exhibited a resistance pattern opposite to that displayed in the original (Australian) environment used for model construction. Differing environmental conditions, inoculation procedures, or population structure may account for this result. Phenotyping a diverse set of 40 white lupin accessions under controlled conditions revealed eight accessions with improved resistance to anthracnose. The standardized area under the disease progress curves (sAUDPC) ranged from 2.1 to 2.8, compared with the susceptible reference accession with a sAUDPC of 3.85. These accessions can be incorporated into white lupin breeding programs. In conclusion, our data support stem inoculation-based disease phenotyping under controlled conditions as a time-effective approach to identify field-relevant resistance, which can now be applied to further identify sources of resistance and their underlying genetics.由种传和气传病原菌<em>Colletotrichum lupini</em>（羽扇豆炭疽病致病菌）引发的羽扇豆炭疽病，是全球范围内白羽扇豆（<em>Lupinus albus</em>）最具破坏性的病害，可导致作物完全绝收。本研究旨在构建一套可靠的高通量表型鉴定工具，用于筛选白羽扇豆种质资源中的炭疽病抗性材料；同时针对一组独立的羽扇豆基因型，评估纳入已报道的抗病数量性状位点（quantitative trait loci, QTL）的基因组预测模型。在可控环境条件下对幼苗开展茎部接种的表型鉴定方法，具备高通量应用潜力，其病害分级结果与田间小区病害评估结果（<em>r</em> = 0.95，<em>P</em> < 0.0001）及产量（<em>r</em> = -0.64，<em>P</em> = 0.035）呈显著强相关。传统的单垄田间病害表型鉴定方法与田间小区病害评估结果（<em>r</em> = 0.31，<em>P</em> = 0.34）及产量（<em>r</em> = -0.45，<em>P</em> = 0.17）均无显著相关性。基因组预测得到的抗性值与可控环境或田间条件下观测到的抗性值无相关性；且用于构建预测模型的重组自交系群体的亲本株系，其抗性表现与模型构建时所用的原始（澳大利亚）环境下的抗性模式完全相反。环境条件、接种流程或群体结构的差异，或可解释这一结果。在可控环境下对40份具有遗传多样性的白羽扇豆种质资源开展表型鉴定，筛选得到8份炭疽病抗性提升的种质。感病对照种质的标准化病害流行曲线下面积（standardized area under the disease progress curves, sAUDPC）值为3.85，而本次筛选得到的抗性种质的sAUDPC值介于2.1至2.8之间。上述抗性种质可应用于白羽扇豆抗病育种项目。综上，本研究结果证实，可控环境下基于茎部接种的病害表型鉴定方法是一种高效便捷的田间相关抗性筛选手段，可用于后续挖掘抗病种质资源及其潜在遗传机制。