Accessibility Indicators

This archive makes available accessibility indicators at EU scale from populated 1km EU grid to towns and cities at EU scale (512 million travel time by car calculated between origins and destinations). It follows a reproducible, transparent and updatable framework. It uses only open source and free routing engines (OSRM), based on OpenStreetMap (OSM) network. This routing engine makes possible the creation of travel time indicators for a large set of origins and destinations. The EU towns and cities layer has been recently made available and named by the European Commission. This layer is based on a common methodology for all Europe. Within GRANULAR activities, we consider the towns and cities layer as a proxy to discuss on little and medium commercial centralities in Europe. This methodological framework, implemented with open source solutions (data and code) only and documented in a reproducible way in R notebooks, could be easily extended to other origins and destinations, if a relevant layer will be identified in the future. Based on travel time matrix, it is possible to compute a large set of indicators. This archive (see readme at the root folder) describes the input data used, summarises the data processing and provide information and metadata on output indicators created at 1km grid cells. Finally it shows how this information has been aggregated at upper territorial levels (NUTS), using statistical attributes associated to 1km grid cells (population evolution, DEGURBA categories). All the output data is also available.本数据集档案提供欧盟全域可达性指标，数据基于人口全覆盖的1公里级欧盟网格，测算覆盖欧盟全域城镇间的驾车出行可达性，共生成5.12亿条起讫点驾车出行时长数据。本数据集遵循可复现、透明且可迭代更新的研究框架，仅采用基于开放街道地图（OpenStreetMap, OSM）路网的开源免费路径规划引擎（OSRM）。该引擎可支持针对大规模起讫点集合生成出行时长相关指标。 欧盟城镇图层近期由欧盟委员会发布并命名，该图层采用全欧统一的方法论构建。在GRANULAR研究项目中，我们将该城镇图层作为代理变量，用以探讨欧洲中小型商业中心的相关议题。 本方法论框架仅通过开源方案（含数据与代码）实现，且已通过R语言笔记本（R Notebook）以可复现的方式完成全流程文档记录。未来若可识别出适配的新图层，该框架可轻松拓展至其他起讫点场景。 基于出行时长矩阵，可计算得到多维度的可达性指标。本数据集档案（详见根目录下的README文件）详述了所用输入数据、梳理了完整的数据处理流程，并提供了1公里网格单元产出指标的相关信息与元数据；此外还展示了如何结合1公里网格单元的统计属性（人口变化、城市化程度（DEGURBA）分类），将上述指标数据聚合至更高层级的行政区域（NUTS）。 所有产出数据均可公开获取。