THE THEORY OF MU'RAB AND MABNI WORDS IN ARABIC AND THEIR SYNTACTIC ANALYSIS

This scientific article examines one of the fundamental concepts of Arabic linguistics, particularly within the grammatical system of Arabic syntax (an-Naḥw): the theory of classifying words into mu‘rab (inflectional) and mabni (indeclinable) categories. The study analyzes the rules governing these phenomena within the three major parts of speech in Arabic—nouns, verbs, and particles—together with their grammatical functions and the reasons for their classification. Furthermore, the article discusses the different types of mabni forms and explains how the endings of words change according to their syntactic functions (i‘rāb markers), based on the principles of both classical and modern Arabic grammar.