Distribution and abundance of seabirds in the Southern Indian Ocean, 1978/1979+

This dataset comprises data on the distribution and abundance of seabirds in the Southern Indian Ocean.A database of seal, whale and bird observations made from ships since the 1978/1979 austral summer shipping season. Observations are typically made from the bridge out one side of the ship. Data held in this database greater than two years old are publicly available. This work forms part of ASAC project 1219 (ASAC_1219).Initial datasets were from the BIOMASS cruises (ADBEX1,ADBEX2,ADBEX3, SIBEX, FIBEX).This work was completed as part of ASAC project 2208 (ASAC 2208).This project also incorporates several other ASAC projects. These are:ASAC_533 - The Distribution and Abundance of Seabirds at Sea in Prydz Bay in Relation to Physical and Biological ParametersASAC_657 - Prey Consumption by Seabirds around Heard Island in Relation to Physical and Biological Oceanographic ParametersASAC_725 - The role of the marginal ice zone in the consumption of marine resources by Antarctic seabirds in the Southern Indian OceanASAC_1219 - Monitoring for long-term or cumulative impacts in Southern Ocean seabirdsData from these projects were fed directly into project 2208.The fields in the csv file are:wov_data_id (the internal identifier of the record)observation_date (the date of observation, in ISO8601 format yyyy-mm-ddTHH:MM:SSZ. This information is also separated into the year, month, day, etc components)observation_date_year (the year of the observation date)observation_date_month (the month of the observation date)observation_date_day (the day of the observation date)observation_date_hour (the hour of the observation date)observation_date_minute (the minute of the observation date)observation_date_second (the second of the observation date)observation_date_time_zone (the time zone of the observation date)latitude (the latitude of the observation, in decimal degrees)longitude (the longitude of the observation, in decimal degrees)ship_speed (knots)ship_course (degrees)seastate (scale of wave conditions, from "calm-glassy" to "phenomenal (over 14 m)")sea_temperature (sea surface temperature from the ship's instrumentation, in degrees C)seaice (tenths of sea ice cover)visibility (the limit of effective visibility, from "less than 300 m" to "Unrestricted visibility")salinity (sea surface salinity from the ship's instrumentation, in practical salinity units PSU)depth (water depth in metres)cloud_cover (oktas)precipitation (description of precipitation conditions, from "No precipitation/ clear" to "Thunderstorms")windforce (scale of wind conditions with speed range in knots, from "Calm (0-0.9)" to "Hurricane (109-112)")wind_direction (the direction the wind is blowing from, in degrees [north=0, east=90])air_temperature (degrees C)air_pressure (hectopascals)ship_activity (short description of the ship activity at the time of the observation)species_type (Bird, Seal, Whale)taxon_id (internal identification code for the species observed)bird_age (juvenile, subadult, or adult)distance (distance of observed animal from the ship: "Near (0-300m)", "Middle 300-1000 m", or "Far + 1000 m" )species_count (the number of individuals observed in total)feeding_count (the number of individuals observed that were feeding)sitting_on_water_count (the number of individuals observed that were sitting on water)sitting_on_ice_count (the number of individuals observed that were sitting on ice)sitting_on_ship_count (the number of individuals observed that were sitting on the ship)in_hand_count (the number of individuals observed that were held in the hand)flying_past_count (the number of individuals observed that were flying past)accompanying_count (the number of individuals observed that were accompanying the vessel)following_wake_count (the number of individuals observed that were following the wake of the vessel)bird_direction (direction of travel of observed individuals, in degrees [northwards travel=0, eastwards travel=90])observation_code (the type of observation activity being conducted, e.g. "Stern count", "Forward Quadrant", or "null observation - no birds seen")swimming_past_count (the number of individuals observed that were swimming past the vessel)float_in_water_count (the number of individuals observed that were floating in the water)porpoising_count (the number of individuals observed that were porpoising)following_count (the number of individuals observed that were following the vessel)surfacing_count (the number of individuals observed that were surfacing)breaching_count (the number of individuals observed that were breaching)blowing_count (the number of individuals observed that were blowing)move_thru_ice_count (the number of individuals observed that were moving through ice)frolicking_count (the number of individuals observed that were frolicking)voyage_id (the internal identifier of the voyage)notes (other notes recorded during the observation)date_created (the date the observation record was created, in ISO8601 format yyyy-mm-ddTHH:MM:SSZ)date_revised (the date the observation record was last revised, in ISO8601 format yyyy-mm-ddTHH:MM:SSZ)husky_code (the species code used in the husky data logging system)identification_status (status of the species identification: "Confirmed" or "Unconfirmed")wind_speed (wind speed, in knots)data_notes (notes about the data associated with the observation)genus (genus name of the observed species)species (specific epithet of the observed species)common_name (common name of the observed species)subspecies (subspecies name of the observed species)aphia_id (the taxonomic identifier of the observed species, from the Register of Antarctic Marine Species and the World Register of Marine Species, http://www.marinespecies.org/)

本数据集涵盖南印度洋海鸟的分布与丰度数据。其数据库收录了自1978/1979年南极夏季航季以来，通过船舶观测得到的海豹、鲸类与鸟类观测记录。观测通常从船舶驾驶台朝向船侧一侧开展。该数据库中存储时长超过两年的数据均向公众开放。

本工作隶属于ASAC项目1219（ASAC_1219）。初始数据集源自BIOMASS航次（ADBEX1、ADBEX2、ADBEX3、SIBEX、FIBEX）。本工作同时作为ASAC项目2208（ASAC 2208）的一部分完成，该项目还整合了其他多项ASAC项目，具体包括：
ASAC_533：《普里兹湾近海海鸟的分布与丰度及其与物理、生物参数的关联》
ASAC_657：《赫德岛周边海鸟的猎物消耗量及其与物理海洋学和生物海洋学参数的关联》
ASAC_725：《南印度洋边缘冰区在南极海鸟消耗海洋资源过程中的作用》
ASAC_1219：《南大洋海鸟长期或累积影响监测》
上述项目的数据均直接汇入项目2208。

该CSV文件包含以下字段：
wov_data_id：记录的内部标识符
observation_date：观测日期，采用ISO8601格式"yyyy-mm-ddTHH:MM:SSZ"，该信息同时拆分为年、月、日等子字段
observation_date_year：观测日期的年份
observation_date_month：观测日期的月份
observation_date_day：观测日期的日期
observation_date_hour：观测日期的小时
observation_date_minute：观测日期的分钟
observation_date_second：观测日期的秒数
observation_date_time_zone：观测日期的时区
latitude：观测纬度，采用十进制度数表示
longitude：观测经度，采用十进制度数表示
ship_speed：船舶航速，单位为节（knots）
ship_course：船舶航向，单位为度
seastate：海况等级，涵盖从"平静-镜面海"到"狂浪（浪高超14米）"的区间
sea_temperature：船舶仪器测得的海表温度，单位为摄氏度（℃）
seaice：海冰覆盖占比（以十分之一为单位）
visibility：有效能见度范围，涵盖从"不足300米"到"能见度无限制"的区间
salinity：船舶仪器测得的海表盐度，单位为实用盐度单位（PSU）
depth：水深，单位为米
cloud_cover：云量，单位为奥克塔（oktas）
precipitation：降水状况描述，涵盖从"无降水/晴朗"到"雷暴"的区间
windforce：风力等级，附带对应风速区间（单位为节），涵盖从"静风（0-0.9节）"到"飓风（109-112节）"的区间
wind_direction：风向，以度数表示（北=0°，东=90°）
air_temperature：气温，单位为摄氏度（℃）
air_pressure：气压，单位为百帕（hectopascals）
ship_activity：观测时船舶活动的简短描述
species_type：物种类型（鸟类、海豹、鲸类）
taxon_id：观测物种的内部识别码
bird_age：海鸟年龄阶段（幼鸟、亚成体或成体）
distance：观测动物与船舶的距离："近距（0-300米）"、"中距（300-1000米）"或"远距（≥1000米）"
species_count：观测到的个体总数量
feeding_count：观测到的正在觅食的个体数量
sitting_on_water_count：观测到的停留在水面的个体数量
sitting_on_ice_count：观测到的停留在冰面的个体数量
sitting_on_ship_count：观测到的停留在船舶上的个体数量
in_hand_count：观测到的被手持的个体数量
flying_past_count：观测到的飞过船舶的个体数量
accompanying_count：观测到的伴随船舶航行的个体数量
following_wake_count：观测到的跟随船舶尾流航行的个体数量
bird_direction：观测个体的行进方向，以度数表示（向北行进=0°，向东行进=90°）
observation_code：正在开展的观测活动类型，例如"Stern count"、"Forward Quadrant"或"null observation - no birds seen"
swimming_past_count：观测到的游过船舶的个体数量
float_in_water_count：观测到的漂浮在水面的个体数量
porpoising_count：观测到的鲸类跃身击浪的个体数量
following_count：观测到的跟随船舶航行的个体数量
surfacing_count：观测到的鲸类浮出水面的个体数量
breaching_count：观测到的鲸类跃出水面的个体数量
blowing_count：观测到的鲸类喷水的个体数量
move_thru_ice_count：观测到的穿越冰区的个体数量
frolicking_count：观测到的嬉戏的个体数量
voyage_id：航次的内部标识符
notes：观测期间记录的其他备注信息
date_created：观测记录的创建日期，采用ISO8601格式"yyyy-mm-ddTHH:MM:SSZ"
date_revised：观测记录的最后修订日期，采用ISO8601格式"yyyy-mm-ddTHH:MM:SSZ"
husky_code：Husky数据记录系统中使用的物种代码
identification_status：物种鉴定状态："Confirmed"或"Unconfirmed"
wind_speed：风速，单位为节
data_notes：与该观测相关的数据备注信息
genus：观测物种的属名
species：观测物种的种本名
common_name：观测物种的通用名
subspecies：观测物种的亚种名
aphia_id：观测物种的分类学标识符，源自南极海洋物种名录与世界海洋物种登记库（http://www.marinespecies.org/）