Ecosystem services under different intensities of land use managed by family farmers

Information about the socioecological systems around protected areas is vital for conservation planning in multifunctional landscapes. It is essential to investigate land use by local communities and ecological data from native areas. Different ecosystem dynamics affect the provision of ecosystem services, which in turn alter human outcomes. Family farming has several land uses that must be considered when estimating ecosystem services. We investigated agricultural settlements adjacent to full protection conservation units in the Cerrado biome of Central Brazil, focusing on the variation in ecosystem services and their correlations with biodiversity data in different land uses by family farmers. We carry out forest inventories to estimate three ecosystem services: carbon storage, provision of edible native fruits and habitat provision. The highest estimates for ecosystem services are in native areas destined for agroextractive purposes. A strong positive correlation was found between the diversity index and carbon storage, indicating that more diverse areas are generally more effective at capturing and storing carbon. This study highlights the importance of understanding the ecological benefits of different land uses to support management strategies, inform public policies, and provide financial incentives to family farmers.

保护区周边社会生态系统（Socioecological Systems）的相关信息，对多功能景观下的保护规划至关重要。探究本地社区的土地利用现状与原生区域的生态数据，是开展保护规划的必要环节。不同的生态系统动态会影响生态系统服务（Ecosystem Services）的供给，进而改变人类福祉。家庭农业存在多种土地利用模式，在评估生态系统服务时需将其纳入考量。本研究针对巴西中部塞拉多生物群区（Cerrado Biome）内毗邻严格保护地（Full Protection Conservation Units）的农业定居点展开调研，聚焦家庭农户不同土地利用模式下的生态系统服务变化，及其与生物多样性（Biodiversity）数据的关联关系。本研究通过开展森林资源清查，对三项生态系统服务进行评估：碳储量（Carbon Storage）、本土可食用果实供给以及栖息地供给（Habitat Provision）。生态系统服务的最高评估值出现在以农产采撷为用途的原生区域中。研究发现多样性指数与碳储量之间存在显著正相关关系，这表明生物多样性更高的区域通常在固碳与储碳方面表现更优。本研究强调了厘清不同土地利用模式的生态效益的重要性，以期为管理策略制定、公共政策优化以及为家庭农户提供财政激励提供支撑。