CT-Scan Image Dataset of Residual Fluid-Driven Fracture in a Molasse de Villarlod Sandstone Core - Post-Radial Hydraulic Fracture Experiment - M04 Sample

Dataset Description This dataset contains high-resolution CT-scan images that capture the residual fracture surface within a core sample of Molasse de Villarlod Sandstone. The core sample was extracted after conducting a radial hydraulic fracture experiment on a 25 × 25 × 25 cm cubic block of sandstone (M04 Smaple). The experiment was designed to simulate fluid-driven fracture propagation and closure, and the resulting fracture path was preserved in the core sample. Core Location in the M04 Cube Sample: Z: 12.5 cm South-North: 12.5 cm West-East: 13.5 cm to 23.3 cm (Coring direction) This spatial information specifies the exact location and orientation of the core extraction within the M04 cube sample. CT-scan instrument details: The M04 sample was analyzed using an X-ray micro-CT scanner (RX-Solutions Ultratom) under consistent scanning protocols and parameters. A reflective 230 kV microfocus X-ray source (Hamamatsu L10801) equipped with a 0.2 mm thick copper filter, a tungsten cathode, and a tungsten target was employed for the imaging process. The scans were conducted with a voltage of 120 kV and a current intensity of 80 mA. The volume data acquisition was performed in continuous helical mode, ensuring complete coverage of the sample’s height. For sample M04, 5 full rotations were executed, with 1312 projections captured for each 360° rotation, allowing for highly precise volume reconstruction. The X-ray beam attenuation was recorded by an XL Varex Paxscan 2530HE plane detector with a resolution of 2176 x 1792 pixels, and an exposure time of 0.50 seconds per projection. The acquired projections were processed using RX-Solutions X-act software with Filtered Backprojection to reconstruct a corrected volume. This reconstruction yielded approximately 9000 slices in 16-bit TIFF format, with voxel dimensions of 10 x 10 x 10 microns, providing detailed insights into the internal structure of the sample. Key Features: Fracture Characteristics: The fracture observed in the CT-scans represents a residual opening that remains post-fracturation. It is entirely contained within the core, showcasing the internal fracture geometry resulting from the hydraulic fracturing process. CT-Scan Details: The CT-scans were taken perpendicular to the fracture surface, offering a detailed cross-sectional view of the fracture at different depths. This orientation is critical for accurately capturing the fracture morphology and allows for the reconstruction of the fracture surface in 3D. Material Information: The core sample is composed of Molasse de Villarlod Sandstone, a sedimentary rock which is porous (18% porosity) and permeable. This material choice is relevant for studying fracture closure subjected to the leak-off of the fluid inside the porous medium. Experimental Context: The radial hydraulic fracture experiment aimed to simulate the propagation of hydraulic fracture and its closure due to the leakage of fluid inside fracture into the porous medium. The dataset provides valuable insights into fracture propagation patterns, surface roughness, and the effects of fluid-driven fractures in porous media. Applications: This dataset is particularly valuable for researchers and engineers involved in: Fracture mechanics and surface characterization 3D reconstruction and visualization of fracture surfaces Surface roughness analysis Hydraulic fracturing studies Geomechanical modeling File Structure: The dataset is organized into zip-folder contains .tif images corresponding to different depths within the core. Each tif-image is a CT-scan for that specific depth, labeled according to their position along the fracture path. Processing code: Follow the URL repository in the software section to access to the code for processing these images and reconstructing the fracture surfaces. Acknowledgment: We would like to extend our deepest thanks to Gary Perrenoud, Albert Taureg, and Lionel Pittet, the technical specialists of the PIXE platform at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). Their expertise and support in operating the CT-scan machine were important to the success of this research. We greatly appreciate their dedication and the high-quality work they provided. Contact and Support: Email: Brice Lecampion: [e-mail] Mohsen Talebkeikhah: [e-mail]数据集描述 本数据集包含高分辨率CT扫描图像，用于捕捉维拉尔洛德磨拉石砂岩（Molasse de Villarlod Sandstone）岩芯样品内部的残余断裂面。该岩芯样品取自对25×25×25 cm立方体砂岩块（M04样品）开展径向水力压裂实验后提取的岩芯。本实验旨在模拟流体驱动的断裂扩展与闭合过程，实验形成的断裂路径被保留在岩芯样品中。 M04立方体样品中的岩芯取芯位置： Z轴方向：12.5 cm 南北方向：12.5 cm 东西方向：13.5 cm至23.3 cm（取芯方向） 上述空间信息明确了M04立方体样品内岩芯提取的精确位置与取向。 CT扫描设备详情： M04样品采用X射线显微CT扫描仪（RX-Solutions Ultratom）进行分析，扫描过程采用统一的协议与参数。成像过程采用功率230 kV的反射式微焦点X射线源（Hamamatsu L10801），该光源配备0.2 mm厚铜滤片、钨阴极与钨靶。扫描时设置电压为120 kV，电流强度为80 mA。 体数据采集采用连续螺旋扫描模式，以完整覆盖样品的轴向高度。对于M04样品，共完成5次完整旋转，每360°旋转采集1312幅投影图像，可实现高精度的体数据重建。X射线束衰减信号由XL Varex Paxscan 2530HE平面探测器记录，该探测器分辨率为2176×1792像素，单幅投影的曝光时间为0.50秒。 采集到的投影图像通过RX-Solutions X-act软件采用滤波反投影（Filtered Backprojection）算法进行处理，以重建校正后的体数据。本次重建共生成约9000幅16位标签图像文件格式（TIFF）切片，体素尺寸为10×10×10微米，可清晰展现样品的内部结构。 核心特征： 断裂特征：CT扫描图像中观测到的断裂为压裂后残留的张开缝隙，该断裂完全位于岩芯内部，完整呈现了水力压裂过程形成的内部断裂几何形态。 CT扫描细节：本次CT扫描垂直于断裂面开展，可获取不同深度下断裂的详细截面视图。该扫描取向对于精准捕捉断裂形貌至关重要，同时支持断裂面的三维重建。 材料信息：本岩芯样品由维拉尔洛德磨拉石砂岩（Molasse de Villarlod Sandstone）构成，该沉积岩孔隙率为18%且具有渗透性。选用该材料旨在研究多孔介质内部流体漏失条件下的断裂闭合过程。 实验背景：本次径向水力压裂实验旨在模拟水力断裂的扩展过程，以及断裂内流体向多孔介质漏失导致的断裂闭合过程。本数据集可为断裂扩展模式、表面粗糙度以及多孔介质内流体驱动断裂的影响效应研究提供重要参考。 应用场景： 本数据集对于以下领域的研究人员与工程师具有重要价值： - 断裂力学与表面表征 - 断裂面三维重建与可视化 - 表面粗糙度分析 - 水力压裂研究 - 地质力学建模 文件结构： 本数据集打包为压缩文件夹，其中包含对应岩芯内不同深度的TIFF格式图像。每幅TIFF图像对应特定深度的CT扫描结果，并按照其沿断裂路径的位置进行命名。 处理代码： 请访问软件章节中的代码仓库链接，获取用于处理此类图像并重建断裂面的代码。 致谢： 谨向洛桑联邦理工学院（École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL）PIXE平台的技术专家Gary Perrenoud、Albert Taureg与Lionel Pittet致以最诚挚的谢意。他们在CT扫描仪操作方面的专业知识与支持为本研究的成功开展提供了关键保障，我们由衷感谢他们的辛勤付出与高质量的技术支持。 联系与支持： 电子邮箱： Brice Lecampion: [e-mail] Mohsen Talebkeikhah: [e-mail]