ABS - Personal Income - Total Income Distribution (LGA) 2015-2016

This dataset presents information about total income distribution. The data covers the financial year of 2015-2016, and is based on Local Government Areas (LGA) according to the 2016 edition of the Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS).\n\nTotal Income is the sum of all reported income derived from Employee income, Own unincorporated business, Superannuation, Investments and Other income. Total income does not include the non-lodger population.\n\nGovernment pensions, benefits or allowances are excluded from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) income data and do not appear in Other income or Total income. Pension recipients can fall below the income threshold that necessitates them lodging a tax return, or they may only receive tax free pensions or allowances. Hence they will be missing from the personal income tax data set. Recent estimates from the ABS Survey of Income and Housing (which records Government pensions and allowances) suggest that this component can account for between 9% to 11% of Total income.\n\nAll monetary values are presented as gross pre-tax dollars, as far as possible. This means they reflect income before deductions and loses, and before any taxation or levies (e.g. the Medicare levy or the temporary budget repair levy) are applied. The amounts shown are nominal, they have not been adjusted for inflation. The income presented in this release has been categorised into income types, these categories have been devised by the ABS to closely align to ABS definitions of income.\n\nThe statistics in this release are compiled from the Linked Employer Employee Dataset (LEED), a cross-sectional database based on administrative data from the Australian taxation system. The LEED includes more than 120 million tax records over seven consecutive years between 2011-12 and 2017-18.\n\nPlease note:\n\n * All personal income tax statistics included in LEED were provided in de-identified form with no home address or date of birth. Addresses were coded to the ASGS and date of birth was converted to an age at 30 June of the reference year prior to data provision.\n\n * To minimise the risk of identifying individuals in aggregate statistics, perturbation has been applied to the statistics in this release. Perturbation involves small random adjustment of the statistics and is considered the most satisfactory technique for avoiding the release of identifiable statistics, while maximising the range of information that can be released. These adjustments have a negligible impact on the underlying pattern of the statistics. Some cells have also been suppressed due to low counts.\n\n * Totals may not align with the sum of their components due to missing or unpublished information in the underlying data and perturbation.\n\nFor further information please visit the [Australian Bureau of Statistics](https://www.abs.gov.au/methodologies/personal-income-australia-methodology/2011-12-2017-18).\n\n AURIN has made the following changes to the original data:\n\n * Spatially enabled the [original data](https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/labour/earnings-and-work-hours/personal-income-australia/latest-release#data-download).\n\n * Set 'np' (not published to protect the confidentiality of individuals or businesses) values to Null.\n

本数据集呈现了总收入分布的相关信息。数据覆盖2015-2016财年，依据2016版澳大利亚统计地理标准（Australian Statistical Geography Standard, ASGS）中的地方政府区域（Local Government Areas，简称LGA）进行划分。

总收入指来自雇员薪酬、自有非公司经营收入、超级年金（Superannuation）、投资及其他收入的全部申报收入之和。该总收入统计未涵盖未申报纳税人群体。

澳大利亚统计局（Australian Bureau of Statistics, ABS）的收入数据未纳入政府养老金、福利金或津贴，此类收入既未归入其他收入，也未计入总收入。领取养老金的群体可能低于需申报纳税的收入门槛，或仅领取免税的养老金与津贴，因此个人所得税数据集未涵盖该群体。据澳大利亚统计局收入与住房调查（ABS Survey of Income and Housing）的最新估算，该部分收入可占总收入的9%至11%。

所有货币价值均尽可能以税前毛额呈现，即反映扣除项与损失前、征税或征收任何附加费（如医疗保险税或临时预算修复税）前的收入。所列金额为名义价值，未针对通货膨胀进行调整。本发布中的收入已按收入类型分类，此类分类由澳大利亚统计局制定，与该局的收入定义高度契合。

本发布中的统计数据源自关联雇主雇员数据集（Linked Employer Employee Dataset, LEED），该数据库是基于澳大利亚税务系统行政数据构建的横截面数据库。LEED涵盖2011-12至2017-18连续七年的逾1.2亿条税务记录。

请注意：
* LEED中纳入的所有个人所得税统计数据均以去标识化形式提供，未包含家庭住址或出生日期。住址已按ASGS进行编码，出生日期在数据提供前已转换为参考年份6月30日时的年龄。
* 为降低汇总统计数据中识别出个体的风险，本发布中的统计数据已应用扰动处理。扰动指对统计数据进行小幅随机调整，该方法被认为是在尽可能多地发布可用信息的同时，避免发布可识别性统计数据的最优技术。此类调整对统计数据的内在分布模式影响可忽略不计。部分单元格因计数过低已被隐去。
* 由于基础数据存在缺失或未发布信息，且经过扰动处理，总计值可能与其分项之和存在偏差。

如需更多信息，请访问[澳大利亚统计局](https://www.abs.gov.au/methodologies/personal-income-australia-methodology/2011-12-2017-18)。

澳大利亚城市与区域研究基础设施网络（Australian Urban and Regional Information Infrastructure, AURIN）对原始数据进行了如下修改：
* 为[原始数据](https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/labour/earnings-and-work-hours/personal-income-australia/latest-release#data-download)添加了空间属性。
* 将‘np’（为保护个人或企业隐私未发布）值设置为空值（Null）。