Indicators of Catchment Condition in the Intensive Land Use Zone of Australia – Industrial point source hazard

\n\nIt should be noted that this data is now somwhat dated!\n\nMany industries discharge pollutants into streams a heavy metals, toxins,\nnutrients and so on, which affect stream quality. The rate of discharge is\nassumed to be proportional to the number of potential discharge points.\n\nThis indicator was developed from the Wild Rivers data set (Environment\nAustralia, 1997) which includes national data on point sources of pollution\n(1:250K). This data set can be separated into industrial (mines, quarries,\nchemical) point sources and nutrient point sources (abattoirs, dairy,\nlivestock production, sewage). Point sources were given equal weight.\n\nThe density of pollution point sources is not an unequivocal indicator of\nheavy metal contamination of waterways, since there is no distinction made\nbetween types and toxicities of pollutants, discharge magnitude and frequency,\nenvironmental safe guards and proximity to stream network. The data set was\nuncomplete, and should be improved as part of the National Pollution Inventory\ndata set. The main concentration of pollution sources is along the eastern\nseaboard from the mid-coast of NSW to north of Brisbane. These would be mainly\nindustrial and mining pollutants. High values are for Maroochy, Qld South\nCoast, Tweed, Brunswick, Richmond, Hunter, Macquarie, Tuggerah Lakes, Sydney\nCoast-Georges, and Wollongong Coast. Inland from the coast, the Hunter Valley,\nBathurst and Orange areas fall into the poorest category. Other areas include\nthe area around Perth, a high proportion of Tasmania, the Darwin area and the\ncatchments inland of Cairns.\n\nData are available as:\n\n * continental maps at 5km (0.05 deg) cell resolution for the ILZ;\n * spatial averages over CRES defined catchments (CRES, 2000) in the ILZ;\n * spatial averages over the AWRC river basins in the ILZ.\n\nSee [further metadata](http://data.daff.gov.au/anrdl/metadata_files/pa_iccilr9ab\n__06621axx.xml) for more detail.\n\n

需注意，本数据集现已略显过时！

诸多行业会向溪流中排放重金属、有毒物质、营养盐等污染物，进而影响溪流水质。研究假设污染物排放速率与潜在排放点位的数量呈正比关系。

本指标源自《野生河流数据集》（Environment Australia，1997），该数据集包含全国范围内的点源污染（point source pollution）数据（1:250K）。此数据集可分为工业点源（矿山、采石场、化工行业）与营养盐点源（屠宰场、乳业、畜禽养殖、污水处理）两大类，且所有点源均赋予相等权重。

污染点源密度并非河流水体重金属污染的明确指示因子，原因在于该数据未区分污染物类型与毒性、排放强度与频次、环境防护措施，以及与河网的空间邻近程度。本数据集存在不完善之处，应作为国家污染清单数据集的组成部分进行优化完善。污染点源主要集中在澳大利亚东海岸区域，从新南威尔士州中部海岸延伸至布里斯班以北一带，污染物以工业与采矿排放为主。污染密度较高的区域包括昆士兰州的马鲁奇（Maroochy）、南海岸、特威德（Tweed）、布伦瑞克（Brunswick）、里士满（Richmond）、亨特（Hunter）、麦夸里（Macquarie）、塔格拉赫湖（Tuggerah Lakes）、悉尼海岸-乔治河段以及伍伦贡海岸。在内陆区域，亨特谷、巴瑟斯特与奥兰治地区属于污染最严重的类别。其他污染较高区域包括珀斯周边、塔斯马尼亚州大部、达尔文地区以及凯恩斯内陆流域。

本数据集可通过以下形式获取：
* 针对ILZ区域、栅格分辨率为5km（0.05度）的大陆尺度地图；
* ILZ区域内由CRES划定的流域（catchments）空间平均值（CRES，2000年）；
* ILZ区域内AWRC河流流域的空间平均值。

详细信息可查阅[补充元数据](http://data.daff.gov.au/anrdl/metadata_files/pa_iccilr9ab__06621axx.xml)。