HANZE database of historical flood impacts in Europe, 1870-2025
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The HANZE dataset covers riverine, pluvial, coastal and compound floods that have occurred in 42 European countries between 1870 and 31 March 2025. The data was collected by extensive data-collection from more than 1000 sources ranging from news reports through government databases to scientific papers. The dataset includes 2687 events characterized by at least one impact statistic: area inundated, fatalities, persons affected or economic loss. Economic losses are presented both in the original currencies and price levels as well as inflation and exchange-rate adjusted to 2024 value of the euro. The spatial footprint of affected areas is consistently recorded using more than 1400 subnational units corresponding, with minor exceptions, to the European Union’s Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS), level 3. Daily start and end dates, information on causes of the event, notes on data quality issues or associated non-flood impacts, and full bibliography of each record supplement the dataset. Apart from the possibility to download the data, the database can be viewed, filtered and visualized online: https://naturalhazards.eu. The dataset is designed to be complimentary to HANZE-Exposure, a high-resolution model of historical exposure changes (such as population and asset value), and be easily usable in statistical and spatial analyses. This is a preliminary update of HANZE v2.1, adding 169 floods for years 2021-2025 (until 31 March 2025). It makes only minor revisions to previous data (adds 11 pre-2021 events, revises 17 records and removes 3 events that were newly reassessed as non-flood events). A more extensive revision of the data is planned for 2026. The dataset contains the following files (CSV comma-delimited, UTF8, and ESRI shapefiles in zipped folders) HANZE flood events database HANZE_events.csv - Flood event data HANZE_references.csv - List of all references HANZE3_events_regions_2010.zip - Flood event data as GIS file (regions v2010) HANZE3_events_regions_2021.zip - Flood event data as GIS file (regions v2021) HANZE3_events_regions_2021.zip - Flood event data as GIS file (regions v2021) Supplementary data S1_countries_codes_and_names.csv - Country codes/names S2_regions_codes_and_names_v2010.csv - Region codes/names, v2010 S3_regions_codes_and_names_v2021.csv - Region codes/names, v2021 S3a_regions_codes_and_names_v2024.csv - Region codes/names, v2024 S4_list_of_all_currencies_by_country.csv - Data on all currencies used in the study area since 1870 S5_currency_conversion_rates.csv - Conversion rates applied to compute losses in 2024 euros S6_GDP_deflators_by_country.csv - Gross domestic product deflator by country, 1870-2025 S7_floods_removed_from_HANZE.csv - Flood events in HANZE v1 and v2, which were excluded from v3 Regions_v2010_simplified.zip - Map of subnational regions used in the database, v2010 Regions_v2021_simplified.zip - Map of subnational regions used in the database, v2021 Regions_v2024_simplified.zip - Map of subnational regions used in the database, v2024
HANZE数据集涵盖了1870年至2025年3月31日期间欧洲42个国家发生的河流洪水、雨洪、海岸洪水及复合型洪水事件。本数据集通过从新闻报道、政府数据库到学术论文等1000余个数据源开展大规模数据采集工作构建而成。数据集共包含2687起灾害事件，每起事件至少带有一项影响统计指标：受淹面积、死亡人数、受影响人口数量或经济损失。经济损失同时以原始货币及原始价格水平呈现，同时也调整为经通货膨胀与汇率修正后的2024年欧元计价数值。受影响区域的空间范围采用超过1400个次国家行政单元进行统一记录，这些单元绝大多数对应欧盟统计区域命名法（Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics, NUTS）三级区划，仅存在少量例外。每日的灾害起止日期、事件成因信息、数据质量问题说明或相关非洪水影响记录，以及每条记录的完整参考文献列表，均作为补充内容纳入本数据集。除支持数据下载外，该数据库还可在线进行浏览、筛选与可视化操作：https://naturalhazards.eu。本数据集旨在作为HANZE-Exposure（历史暴露变化高分辨率模型，涵盖人口与资产价值等内容）的补充数据集，且可便捷应用于统计与空间分析工作中。 本版本为HANZE v2.1的初步更新，新增了2021年至2025年（截至2025年3月31日）的169起洪水事件。仅对既往数据进行了小幅修订：新增11起2021年之前的事件，修正17条记录，并移除3起经重新评估后确认为非洪水事件的记录。计划于2026年对本数据集开展更全面的修订。 本数据集包含以下文件（逗号分隔格式CSV、UTF8编码，以及封装在压缩文件夹中的ESRI形状文件）： HANZE flood events database HANZE_events.csv —— 洪水事件数据 HANZE_references.csv —— 所有参考文献列表 HANZE3_events_regions_2010.zip —— 以GIS文件形式存储的洪水事件数据（区域版本2010） HANZE3_events_regions_2021.zip —— 以GIS文件形式存储的洪水事件数据（区域版本2021） HANZE3_events_regions_2021.zip —— 以GIS文件形式存储的洪水事件数据（区域版本2021） Supplementary data 补充数据 S1_countries_codes_and_names.csv —— 国家代码/名称列表 S2_regions_codes_and_names_v2010.csv —— 区域代码/名称列表（v2010版） S3_regions_codes_and_names_v2021.csv —— 区域代码/名称列表（v2021版） S3a_regions_codes_and_names_v2024.csv —— 区域代码/名称列表（v2024版） S4_list_of_all_currencies_by_country.csv —— 研究区域自1870年以来使用的所有货币相关数据 S5_currency_conversion_rates.csv —— 用于计算2024年欧元计价损失的汇率转换系数 S6_GDP_deflators_by_country.csv —— 1870-2025年各国国内生产总值平减指数 S7_floods_removed_from_HANZE.csv —— HANZE v1和v2版本中被v3版本排除的洪水事件 Regions_v2010_simplified.zip —— 本数据库使用的次国家行政单元地图（v2010版） Regions_v2021_simplified.zip —— 本数据库使用的次国家行政单元地图（v2021版） Regions_v2024_simplified.zip —— 本数据库使用的次国家行政单元地图（v2024版）
