Seafloor primary production in a changing Arctic Ocean

Phytoplankton and sea ice algae are traditionally considered to be the main primary producers in the Arctic Ocean. In this Perspective, we explore the importance of benthic primary producers (BPPs) encompassing microalgae, macroalgae, and seagrasses, which represent a poorly quantified source of Arctic marine primary production. Despite scarce observations, models predict that BPPs are widespread, colonising ⁓3 million km2 of the extensive Arctic coastal and shelf seas. Using a synthesis of published data and a novel model we estimate that BPPs currently contribute ⁓77 Tg C yr-1 of primary production to the Arctic, equivalent to ~20-35% of annual phytoplankton production. Macroalgae contribute ⁓43 Tg C yr-1, seagrasses contribute ⁓23 Tg C yr-1, and microalgae-dominated shelf habitats contribute ⁓11-16 Tg C yr-1. Since 2003, the Arctic seafloor area exposed to sunlight has increased by ~47000 km2 yr-1, expanding the realm of BPPs in a warming Arctic. Increased macrophyte abundance and pr..., , , # Seafloor primary production in a changing Arctic Ocean 

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n2z34tn49](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n2z34tn49)

The dataset contains the following files:

* **Figure 2A_Pan Arctic microalgal BPP.dat**: An ASCII file containing four columns showing 'Year' in columns 1 and 3, and pan-Arctic microalgal benthic primary production (in teragrams of carbon per year; Tg C yr-1) in columns 2 and 4 for Gattuso et al. (for years 1998-2018) and Singh et al. (for years 2003-2020) datasets.

- **Figure 2B_Seabed area exposed to PAR.dat**: An ASCII file containing two columns: Year (column 1) and Seabed area exposed to photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) (column 2) in square kilometers. 

* **Figure 3A_BenthicPAR.dat**: An ASCII file containing Latitude (column 1; 60.0-89.8 degrees), and Longitude (row 1; -180 to 179.8 degrees), and corresponding daily integrated photosynthetic active radiation (PAR, in moles of PAR per square meter per day, mol PAR m-2 d-1) reach...

传统上，浮游植物与海冰藻类被认为是北冰洋的主要初级生产者。在本展望中，我们探讨了底栖初级生产者（benthic primary producers, BPPs）的重要性，其涵盖微藻、大型藻类与海草——这类生产者作为北极海洋初级生产的一个量化程度极低的来源，长期以来未受足够重视。尽管观测数据稀缺，但模型预测BPPs分布广泛，已定植于约300万平方千米的广阔北极近岸与陆架海域。通过整合已发表数据与全新模型，我们估算当前BPPs对北极地区的初级生产贡献约为77 Tg C yr⁻¹，相当于年度浮游植物初级生产量的20%~35%。其中大型藻类贡献约43 Tg C yr⁻¹，海草贡献约23 Tg C yr⁻¹，以微藻为主的陆架生境贡献约11~16 Tg C yr⁻¹。自2003年以来，北极受阳光照射的海底面积以每年约47000平方千米的速度增长，在变暖的北极环境中拓展了BPPs的生存范围。大型植物（macrophyte）丰度提升及pr..., , , # 变化中的北冰洋的海底初级生产
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n2z34tn49
本数据集包含以下文件：
* **Figure 2A_Pan Arctic microalgal BPP.dat**：该ASCII格式文件包含四列数据，其中第1、3列为年份（Year），第2、4列为泛北极微藻底栖初级生产量（单位：太克碳每年，Tg C yr⁻¹），对应Gattuso等人（1998-2018年数据集）与Singh等人（2003-2020年数据集）的研究结果。
- **Figure 2B_Seabed area exposed to PAR.dat**：该ASCII格式文件包含两列数据：第1列为年份（Year），第2列为受光合有效辐射（photosynthetic active radiation, PAR）照射的海底面积（单位：平方千米）。
* **Figure 3A_BenthicPAR.dat**：该ASCII格式文件包含纬度（第1列，范围60.0~89.8度）、经度（第1行，范围-180~179.8度），以及对应每日累积光合有效辐射（PAR，单位：摩尔PAR每平方米每天，mol PAR m⁻² d⁻¹）的相关数据reach...