Baseline characteristics by first exposure to each selected glucose-lowering regimen and average insulin dose^a over the study period.

Lower-dose insulin: ≤0.648 units/kg/day; higher-dose insulin: >0.6480 units/kg/day (where the median insulin dose = 0.648 units/kg/day). DM, diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; IQR, interquartile range; s.d., standard deviation.