Transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) induced by RBSDV between the two NILs (NIL-R and NIL-S

In the study, RBSDV accumulation was detected in NIL-S starting from 16 days post inoculation (dpi) and increased linearly thereafter to reach a high level. Concurrently, the viral S10 encoding the coat protein exhibited a dramatic accumulation in NIL-S but not in NIL-R, as did the viral S7-1. We performed RNA-seq analysis at 16 dpi between NIL-S and NIL-R. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified based on the criteria of fold-change > 2 and P < 0.05. Compared to NIL-R, NIL-S exhibited 24 downregulated and 21 upregulated DEGs. Gene Ontology (GO) term analysis revealed that these DEGs are mainly enriched in one molecular process: oxidoreductase activity, and in three biological processes: biology, oxidation-reduction, and single-organism. KEGG analysis demonstrated significant DEG enrichment in three pathways: photosynthesis-antenna proteins, fatty acid elongation, and diterpenoid biosynthesis. To invesigate the ZmGDIα-hel mediated recessive resistant to maize rough dwarf disease, we performed RNA-Seq between NIL-S (with ZmGDIα) and NIL-R (with ZmGDIα-hel).