中国均一化格点气候数据集（1961-2022）

1) 数据内容：本数据集（HCD01）覆盖中国大陆地区，时间范围为1961 年至 2022 年，空间分辨率为 0.1° × 0.1°，提供七个核心气象要素的日尺度格点数据，包括：太阳总辐射（surface solar radiation downward，单位: W·m-2）、日最高气温（daily maximum air temperature，单位: ℃）、日最低气温（daily minimum air temperature，单位: ℃）、日平均气温（daily mean air temperature，单位: ℃）、相对湿度（relative humidity，单位: %）、风速（wind speed，单位: m/s）、降水量（total precipitation，单位: mm/day）。该数据集以均一化处理后的全国站点资料为基础，并融合 ERA5-Land 作为物理背景场，兼顾观测真实性与物理一致性，适用于气候变化检测、模式驱动、农业生态等多领域研究。2) 数据来源及加工方法：站点数据，使用全国站点资料，经均一化处理剔除因迁站、城市化、仪器更换和人工向自动化观测方式转变带来的非气候信号；背景场，引入 ERA5-Land 提供的长时序、物理一致的大气再分析产品，增强数据空间连续性与一致性；融合方法，通过空间插值与变分订正等技术，将站点数据与ERA5-Land融合，构建具有物理合理性和观测基础的数据集。3) 数据质量描述：均一性，显著改善了渐变型（如城市化）和突变型（如仪器更替）不均一性问题；物理一致性，借助 ERA5-Land 提供的背景场，确保多变量之间具备内部一致性；趋势合理性，融合过程提升了年际变化与长期趋势的信噪比，适合气候变化分析。4) 数据应用成果及前景：气候变化检测，可用于评估中国区域极端事件趋势与变化；数值模拟输入，为过程模型提供高质量强迫场；农业与生态评估，支持作物模型驱动、生态系统模拟、水资源调度等应用；未来发展，可拓展至逐小时数据或更高分辨率版本，并与遥感产品结合用于多源数据融合研究。

1) Data Content: This dataset (HCD01) covers mainland China, with a time span from 1961 to 2022 and a spatial resolution of 0.1° × 0.1°. It provides daily grid meteorological data of seven core meteorological elements, including downward surface solar radiation (unit: W·m⁻²), daily maximum air temperature (unit: ℃), daily minimum air temperature (unit: ℃), daily mean air temperature (unit: ℃), relative humidity (unit: %), wind speed (unit: m/s), and total precipitation (unit: mm/day). Based on homogenized national station observation data, this dataset integrates ERA5-Land as a physical background field, balancing observational authenticity and physical consistency, and is applicable to multi-field research such as climate change detection, model forcing, and agroecology.
2) Data Sources and Processing Methods: Station data: Homogenized national station observation data is used, and non-climatic signals caused by station relocation, urbanization, instrument replacement and the shift from manual to automatic observation are eliminated via homogenization processing. Background field: The long-time-series, physically consistent atmospheric reanalysis product provided by ERA5-Land is introduced to enhance the spatial continuity and consistency of the dataset. Fusion method: Through technologies such as spatial interpolation and variational correction, station data and ERA5-Land are fused to construct a dataset with physical rationality and observational basis.
3) Data Quality Description: Homogeneity: The issues of gradual (e.g., urbanization-induced) and abrupt (e.g., instrument replacement-induced) inhomogeneities have been significantly improved. Physical consistency: Relying on the background field provided by ERA5-Land, internal consistency among multiple variables is ensured. Trend rationality: The fusion process improves the signal-to-noise ratio of interannual variations and long-term trends, making it suitable for climate change analysis.
4) Data Application Achievements and Prospects: Climate change detection: It can be used to assess trends and changes in extreme events across China. Numerical simulation input: Provides high-quality forcing fields for process-based models. Agricultural and ecological assessment: Supports applications such as crop model driving, ecosystem simulation and water resource scheduling. Future development: The dataset can be extended to hourly data or higher-resolution versions, and combined with remote sensing products for multi-source data fusion research.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

中国均一化格点气候数据集（1961-2022）覆盖中国大陆地区，提供七个核心气象要素的日尺度格点数据，空间分辨率为0.1° × 0.1°，适用于气候变化检测、模式驱动、农业生态等多领域研究。数据集以均一化处理后的全国站点资料为基础，融合ERA5-Land作为物理背景场，显著改善了数据均一性和物理一致性。