ACI 445B Shear Wall Database

<table style="width: 1107px"> <tbody> <tr> <td><a href="/app/site/resources/2015/03/00142/445b.png" target="_blank"><img alt="image" class="contentimg" src="/app/site/resources/2015/03/00142/445b.png" style="width: 300px" /></a></td> <td style="width: 795px"> <p>This structural wall performance database is being compiled and vetted several times per year by ACI Subcommittee 445B.</p> <p>It contains material and geometric properties, experimental results, and references for tests of reinforced concrete structural walls. Data from 521 wall tests are available in this database as of April 24, 2017. More data will be added in the future. </p> <p>Load-deflection data files obtained from SERIES Wall Database (<a href="http://www.dap.series.upatras.gr/default.aspx" style="font-style: normal">http://www.dap.series.upatras.gr/default.aspx</a> ) are available for some experiments.</p> <p>Part of the database was assembled using data provided by researchers from Tongji University.</p> <p>Parameter definitions are as follows and are also available under supporting documentation:</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 1271px"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 96px"> <p> </p> </td> <td style="width: 343px"> <p><strong>Parameters</strong></p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p><strong>Definitions</strong></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="8" style="width: 96px"> <p><strong>General Information</strong></p> </td> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Contributor:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Person who made entry (including email)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Checked/Feedback by:  </p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Person who checked/corrected entry (including email) (list of names and emails separated by semicolons)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Author:     </p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Author(s) of report or paper separated by semicolons</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Vetting Status: </p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Vetted or not vetted by committee</p> <p>Levels of vetting:</p> <p>    Level 0: No checking has taken place.</p> <p>    Level 1: Information entered once and checked by a second person.</p> <p>    Level 2: Information entered twice by two independent persons.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Reference:  </p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Citation to report, journal, or conference paper (in End-Note format)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Source:   </p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Link to report, paper, or abstract (if source is copyrighted)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Specimen Label: </p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Label of specimen used in original report or paper</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Units:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>US: U.S. customary [in, kip, ksi]</p> <p>SI: S.I. [mm, N, MPa]</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="9" style="width: 96px"><strong>Geometric Properties</strong></td> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Wall Height: </p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Height of the wall (including loading beam)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Wall Length:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Total length of wall in the direction of the applied load</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Aspect Ratio:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Ratio of wall height to wall length</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Wall Width:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Dimension (in the direction perpendicular to the load) of the rectangle encompassing the cross section at the base of the wall</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Ag:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Area of gross cross-section</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Number of Stories:  </p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Number of slabs or beams framing into the wall along its height</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Web Thickness: </p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Minimum thickness of wall web(s)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Flange Thickness:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Minimum thickness of wall flange(s)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px">Shape of Section:</td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>R (rectangular)</p> <p>I (barbell)</p> <p>Other shapes –resembling letters - (direction of loading parallel to vertical segments of designating letter)</p> <p>                              H</p> <p>                              C</p> <p>                              L</p> <p>                              T  </p> <p>                              O</p> <p>                              U</p> <p>                               n</p> <p>                               Z</p> <p>                               N</p> <p>                               G (general shape)                                                  </p> <p>Basic dimensions (for R and I Sections only)</p> <p>        S1             (depth of boundary element, flange, or full section)</p> <p>        S2             (width of boundary element, flange, or full section)</p> <p>        S3             (depth of web)</p> <p>        S4             (thickness of web)</p> <p>Cross-sectional dimensions (all sections other than R, I, G sections) or coordinates of vertices (G sections):</p> <p>S1;S2;S3; etc. (Figure 1 – dimensions numbered starting at outermost fiber subjected to compression during first loading) or, for G sections (geometry is specified using coordinates of vertices):</p> <p>X1,Y1;X2,Y2;X3,Y3;…X1,Y1</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="30" style="width: 96px"><strong>Material Properties</strong></td> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Age of Concrete:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Age of concrete at testing (in days after cast)<br /> t1;t2;t3;t4… (Age of concrete at testing of different levels, begin from the pedestal to roof)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Type of Concrete: </p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>N: Normal weight</p> <p>L: Lightweight</p> <p>FS1: Fiber (S: steel, # for % in volume)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Concrete Compressive Strength:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Compressive strength at age of test (from the pedestal to roof); specified compressive strength; compressive strength at 28 days (from the pedestal to roof)  (Entries separated by semicolons)</p> <p>fc1’,fc2’…; fc(specified);fc1(28),fc2(28),fc3(28)…</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Type of Coupon:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>A: 100 mm cube</p> <p>B: 150 mm cube </p> <p>C: 6 in x 12 in cylinder </p> <p>D: 4 in x 8 in cylinder</p> <p>E: Cube of unknown size</p> <p>F: Cylinder of unknown size</p> <p>G: 150 mm x 300 mm cylinder</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Type of Reinforcement Layout: </p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>0</p> <p>1</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Reinforcement Depths/Coordinates and Areas (of Vertical Bars):</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>List of depths and areas measured and numbered from the outermost fiber in compression during first loading</p> <p><em>Format 0: </em>D1,A1;D2,A2;D3,A3;  etc.</p> <p><em>Format 1:  </em>X1,Y1,A1;X2,Y2,A2; etc.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Yield Stresses of Vertical Bars:      </p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Yield stresses of vertical bars at locations 1, 2, 3, etc. (defined in field for depths/coordinates)</p> <p>fy1;fy2;fy3; etc.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Ultimate Stresses of Vertical Bars:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Ultimate stresses of vertical bars at locations 1, 2, 3, etc. (defined in field for depths/coordinates)</p> <p>fu1;fu2;fu3; etc.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Fracture Strains of Vertical Bars:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Fracture strains of vertical bars at locations 1, 2, 3, etc. (defined in field for depths/coordinates) (measured over 200 mm gage length) </p> <p>eu1;eu2;eu3; etc.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Yield Stress of Horizontal Reinforcement</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Yield stress of horizontal reinforcement</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Ultimate Stress of Horizontal Reinforcement:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Ultimate stress of horizontal reinforcement</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Fracture Strain of Horizontal Reinforcement:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Fracture strain of horizontal reinforcement [measured over 200 mm or 8 in gage length]</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Yield Stress of Confinement Reinforcement:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Yield stress of confinement reinforcement</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Ultimate Stress of Confinement Reinforcement:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Ultimate stress of confinement reinforcement</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Fracture Strain of Confinement Reinforcement:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Fracture strain of confinement reinforcement [measured over 200 mm or 8 in gage length]</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Clear Cover in Flanges:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Clear cover to reinforcement in flanges</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Clear Cover in Webs:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Clear cover to reinforcement in webs</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Clear Cover in Confined Region:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Clear cover to reinforcement in boundary elements</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Maximum (s/d<sub>b</sub>):</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Maximum ratio of spacing of transverse reinforcement (s) to bar diameter (d<sub>b</sub>) for bars closest to outermost fiber in compression</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Lap Splice Lengths: </p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Length of lap splices (list lengths normalized with respect to bar diameter, separate entries by semicolons)</p> <p>L1, L2, L3…</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="width: 1018px"> <p><u>Reinforcement Ratios [at wall base] –can be generated automatically-</u></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="width: 1018px"> <p><strong><em>Vertical Reinforcement</em></strong></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p><em> </em>Flange: <em> </em></p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Ratio of total area of vertical reinforcement in flanges to sum of gross cross-sectional areas of flanges</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Web:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Ratio of total area of vertical reinforcement in web(s) to sum of gross cross-sectional areas of web(s)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Boundary Region:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Ratio of total area of vertical reinforcement in confined region(s) to sum of gross cross-sectional areas of confined region(s)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" rowspan="1" style="width: 1018px"> <p><strong><em>Horizontal Reinforcement</em></strong></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Flange:  </p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Mean ratio of area of horizontal reinforcement in flanges to area of concrete</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Web:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Mean ratio of area of horizontal reinforcement in web(s) to area of concrete</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Boundary Region:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Mean ratio of area of horizontal reinforcement in confined regions to area of concrete                             rho1;rho2;rho3;rho4</p> <p>(Only for T Section) (Figure 2: Sequence of Confined Region Reinforcement Ratios in T section)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Height of Confined Region(s):    </p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Height of confined region(s)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="9" style="width: 96px"><strong>Experimental Program</strong></td> <td style="width: 343px">Type of Loading:</td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>0: Pure shear</p> <p>1: Single lateral load</p> <p>2: Multiple lateral loads</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Directionality:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>U: Uni-axial</p> <p>B: Bi-axial</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Loading Protocol: </p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>M: Monotonic</p> <p>C: Cyclic</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Loading Points:     </p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Number of levels at which lateral loads were applied</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Height to Loading Points: </p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>List of heights to loading points (separated by semicolons)</p> </td> <td style="width: 163px"> <p> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>P:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Applied axial load</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>P-Delta Case:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Case I</p> <p>Case II</p> <p>Case III</p> <p>Case IV</p> <p>(Defined in Figure 3)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px">P-Delta Correction:</td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>0: Not included in reported lateral loads</p> <p>1: Included in reported lateral loads</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>M: </p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Moment applied at top wall [kN*m]</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="13" style="width: 96px"><strong>Experimental Results</strong></td> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Shear Damage:  </p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Did the researcher attribute the cause of failure to shear? Y/N</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Out-of-Plane Buckling:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Did the researcher attribute the cause of failure to out-of-plane buckling? Y/N</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Drift at Spalling:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Reported drift at first sign of spalling</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Drift at Bar Buckling: </p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Drifts at top loading point at buckling of bars at depths</p> <p>DB1;DB2;DB3, etc.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Drift at Bar Fracture: </p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Drifts at top loading point at fracture of bars at depths</p> <p>DB1;DB2;DB3, etc.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Drift at Web Crushing:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Reported drift at first indication of web crushing</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Maximum Base Shear V<sub>max</sub>:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Maximum total lateral force reported by researcher (Figure 4)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Drift at Maximum Base Shear:  </p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Displacement measured at top loading point at V<sub>max</sub> (Figure 4)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Drift at Yield:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Top drift measured at intersection of secant to load-deflection curve at 0.75*V<sub>max</sub> and horizontal line at V<sub>max</sub>. Not reported for walls with failures attributed to shear (Figure 4)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Load-Deflection Curves:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Files containing load-deflection data (two entries for biaxial tests)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Drift Capacity:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Displacement at intersection of horizontal line at 0.8*V<sub>max</sub> and envelope of load-deflection curve (Figure 4)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Initial Stiffness:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Slope of secant to load-deflection curve at V<sub>max</sub>/4 [kN/m] (Figure 4)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 343px"> <p>Comments:</p> </td> <td style="width: 674px"> <p>Critical comments about the test procedure or test results</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p style="text-align: center"> </p> <p style="text-align: center"><img alt="image" class="contentimg" src="/app/site/resources/2015/03/00142/Figure_2.jpg" /></p> <p style="text-align: center"><span style="font-style: normal">Figure 1: Cross-sectional Dimensions</span></p> <p style="text-align: center"> </p> <p style="text-align: center"><img alt="image" class="contentimg" src="/app/site/resources/2015/03/00142/Figure_3.jpg" /></p> <p style="text-align: center"><span style="font-style: normal">Figure 2: Sequence of Confined Region Reinforcement Ratios in T section (H</span>orizontal Reinforcement<span normal=":""">)</span></p> <p style="text-align: center"> </p> <p style="text-align: center"><img alt="image" class="contentimg" src="/app/site/resources/2015/03/00142/Figure_1.jpg" /></p> <p style="text-align: center"><span style="font-style: normal">Figure 3: P-Delta Cases (</span><a href="http://nisee.berkeley.edu/spd/performance_database_manual_1-0.pdf" style="font-style: normal">http://nisee.berkeley.edu/spd/performance_database_manual_1-0.pdf</a><span style="font-style: normal">)</span></p> <p style="text-align: center"> </p> <p style="text-align: center"><img alt="image" class="contentimg" src="/app/site/resources/2015/03/00142/Figure_4.jpg" /></p> <p style="text-align: center"><span style="font-style: normal">Figure 4: Definitions of Measured Drifts</span></p> <nb:citations></nb:citations>