Combined toxicity of perfluorinated compounds and microplastics on the sentinel species Daphnia magna: Implications for freshwater ecosystems

Persistent chemicals from industrial processes, particularly perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), have become pervasive in the environment due to their persistence, long half-lives, and bioaccumulative properties. Used globally for their thermal resistance and repellence to water and oil PFAS have led to widespread environmental contamination. These compounds pose significant health risks with exposure through food, water, and dermal contact. Aquatic wildlife is particularly vulnerable as water bodies act as major transport and transformation mediums for PFAS. Their co-occurrence with microplastics may intensify the impact on aquatic species by influencing PFAS sorption and transport Despite progress in understanding the occurrence and fate of PFAS and microplastics in aquatic ecosystems, the toxicity of PFAS mixtures and their co-occurrence with other high-concern compounds remains poorly understood, especially over organisms’ life cycles.
Our study investigates the chronic toxicity of PF..., Chronic toxicity of single chemicals and mixtures  
The toxicity of PFOS (70 ng/L), PFOA (7 ng/L), PET (50 mg/L) and their two-way and three-way mixtures were tested on the two Daphnia genotypes for the duration of their life cycles (until they released their second brood) (Fig. 1). To ensure a homogeneous PET solution, a stock solution of 5g/L was prepared and gently stirred on a magnetic stirrer before dosing the experimental vials at 50 mg/L.
Before the chronic toxicity test, we performed a qualitative assessment of Daphnia’s ingestion and egestion of microplastic over 72h. We exposed three clonal replicates of the two genotypes used subsequently in the chronic toxicity tests to 100mg/L of PET over 72h. Ingestion of microplastics was monitored every 24h in absence of feed. This experiment was run alongside a control in which Daphnia were fed algae. After 72h, Daphnia was transferred to clean medium every 24h, to visualise egestion of PET by microscope imaging. All images were capture..., , # Combined toxicity of perfluorinated compounds and microplastics on the sentinel species Daphnia magna: Implications for freshwater ecosystems

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.51c59zwh6](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.51c59zwh6)

Soltanighias et. al._metadata: fitness-linked life history traits collected following exposure to single chemicals PFOS (70 ng/L), PFOA (7 ng/L), PET (50 mg/L) and two-way and three-way mixtures of these chemicals.  Genotype ID; replicate; treatment; mortality (including mortality event and day of mortality); age at maturity; size at maturity; day of release of the first brood and number of neonates in this brood (size_1st brood); day of release of the second brood and number of neonates in this brood (size_2nd brood); overall fecundity from first and second brood; interval between broods. If mortality occurred before sexual maturity, life history traits linked to later life stages were not recorded (‘null’).

工业生产过程中产生的持久性化学品，尤其是全氟烷基物质（perfluoroalkyl substances, PFAS），因其持久性、长半衰期及生物累积特性，已在环境中广泛分布。PFAS因具备耐热性与拒水拒油性而在全球范围内被广泛使用，由此造成了大范围的环境污染。
这些化合物可通过食物、饮水及皮肤接触途径暴露，对健康造成显著风险。水生生物尤为脆弱，因为水体是PFAS的主要迁移与转化介质。PFAS与微塑料的共存可通过影响PFAS的吸附与迁移过程，加剧对水生物种的危害。尽管目前对水生生态系统中PFAS与微塑料的存在与归趋已有一定研究进展，但PFAS混合物的毒性及其与其他高关注化合物的共存效应仍未得到充分阐明，尤其是在生物整个生命周期尺度下。

本研究旨在探究PFAS的慢性毒性…… 单剂化学品与混合物的慢性毒性
本研究以两种水蚤基因型为受试对象，在其整个生命周期内（直至产出第二胎幼体）测试了全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS，70 ng/L）、全氟辛酸（PFOA，7 ng/L）、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET，50 mg/L）及其二元、三元混合物的毒性（图1）。为确保PET溶液均匀，我们配制了5g/L的母液，使用磁力搅拌器轻柔搅拌后，将其按50mg/L的浓度加入实验瓶中。

在慢性毒性试验前，我们开展了为期72小时的水蚤微塑料摄入与排出定性评估。将后续慢性毒性试验所用的两种基因型水蚤各3个克隆重复组暴露于100mg/L的PET环境中72小时。在无喂食的情况下，每24小时监测一次微塑料摄入情况。本实验设置了对照组，对照组水蚤投喂藻类。72小时后，每24小时将水蚤转移至清洁培养基中，通过显微镜成像观察PET的排出过程。所有图像均已采集……
# 全氟化合物与微塑料对指示物种大型溞（Daphnia magna）的联合毒性：对淡水生态系统的启示

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.51c59zwh6]

Soltanighias等人的元数据：暴露于单剂化学品PFOS（70 ng/L）、PFOA（7 ng/L）、PET（50 mg/L）以及这些化学品的二元、三元混合物后采集的与适合度相关的生活史性状。记录内容包括：基因型ID、重复组、处理组、死亡率（含死亡事件与死亡日期）、成熟年龄、成熟体型、第一胎幼体产出日期及幼体数量（first brood size）、第二胎幼体产出日期及幼体数量（second brood size）、前两胎的总繁殖力、胎间隔。若个体在性成熟前死亡，则后续生命阶段的生活史性状将记为"null"（无记录）。