Global market and policy trends for CO2 and ammonia as natural refrigerants.

The paper will review the main market trends for the development of natural refrigerant solutions, analyse the key factors underpinning these trends, and review the main barriers that continue to prevent wider uptake in several sectors globally. It will present figures on the number of CO2 installations in Europe, with a special focus on the evolution in southern Europe, where high ambient temperature conditions present a particular challenge. The paper will subsequently compare the evolution in Europe to that in other markets in Asia/Pacific and North America. The paper analyses key policy drivers and trends impacting the market, such as the development of low-charge ammonia systems, increasing competition between natural refrigerants in several applications and the state of the training offer in Europe and North America. It will conclude by pointing to the challenges ahead for both CO2 and ammonia-based applications.