Multi-Family Residential Building – Hourly Energy and IEQ Monitoring Time Series - Bolzano area, Italy (2006–2009)

This dataset contains three years of hourly monitored data from a multi-family residential building located in the Bolzano area, South Tyrol, Italy (46°N, Alpine climate). It covers the period from 1 July 2006 to 21 July 2009 and provides continuous time series combining energy consumption measurements with indoor environmental quality (IEQ) indicators and meteorological context variables. The dataset is released as original monitored data: no outlier removal, smoothing, or gap-filling has been applied. A number of anomalous values and atypical operational trends have been intentionally preserved. This makes the dataset well-suited for benchmarking and stress-testing anomaly detection algorithms, fault detection and diagnostics (FDD) tools, and data quality assessment pipelines in the building energy domain. Note: Temperature profiles are obtained after averaging on similar profiles from 8 selected apartments. The energy consumption is the aggregated value at building level (same apartments). Variable Description Unit Min Max Mean Electricity Hourly electrical energy consumption kWh 0.00 78.00 1.62 CO₂ concentration Indoor CO₂ concentration (occupancy/ventilation proxy) ppm 452 1908 832.71 Internal temperature Indoor air temperature °C 12.60 31.20 24.27 Thermal energy consumption Hourly thermal energy (heating/DHW) kWh 0.00 27.00 5.98 External global radiation Horizontal global solar irradiance W/m² 0.00 1035.00 151.95 Outside temperature Outdoor ambient air temperature °C −8.10 38.30 13.33 Note: min, max, and mean are computed over all 25,699 records. No missing values are present. Extreme values (e.g., electricity max 78 kWh/h; CO₂ max 1,908 ppm) reflect both real operational peaks and intentionally retained anomalous readings. Users should not treat these values as errors before understanding the anomaly detection context of this release. Related resources: Platform: https://www.moderate.cloud (interactive access, API) Documentation: https://moderate-project.github.io/moderate-docs Source code / tools: https://github.com/MODERATE-Project/ Project website: https://moderate-project.eu Grant Agreement: Horizon Europe GA 101069834 This dataset is released under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). You may use, share, and adapt the data for any purpose, provided you give appropriate credit. If you use this dataset, please cite: M. Castagna, C. Pozza (2026). Multi-Family Residential Building – Hourly Energy and IEQ Monitoring Time Series - Bolzano area, Italy (2006–2009). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20096697Project: MODERATE (Horizon Europe GA 101069834). https://www.moderate.cloud本数据集包含意大利南蒂罗尔州博尔扎诺区域一栋多户住宅建筑的三年每小时监测数据（北纬46°，阿尔卑斯气候），监测时段为2006年7月1日至2009年7月21日，提供了融合能耗测量值、室内环境质量（Indoor Environmental Quality, IEQ）指标与气象上下文变量的连续时间序列。 本数据集以原始监测数据形式发布：未进行异常值剔除、平滑处理或缺失值填补，且刻意保留了部分异常值与非典型运行趋势。这使得该数据集非常适合用于建筑能源领域内异常检测算法、故障检测与诊断（Fault Detection and Diagnostics, FDD）工具以及数据质量评估流程的基准测试与压力测试。 注：温度曲线通过对8套选定公寓的相似曲线取平均得到；建筑能耗为该楼栋（对应上述8套公寓）的总能耗值。 变量 描述 单位 最小值 最大值 均值 电力能耗 小时电力能耗 kWh 0.00 78.00 1.62 二氧化碳浓度 室内二氧化碳浓度（可作为居住人数/通风状态的代理指标） ppm 452 1908 832.71 室内温度 室内空气温度 °C 12.60 31.20 24.27 热能能耗 小时热能能耗（采暖/生活热水） kWh 0.00 27.00 5.98 室外总辐射 水平总太阳辐照度 W/m² 0.00 1035.00 151.95 室外温度 室外环境空气温度 °C −8.10 38.30 13.33 注：最小值、最大值与均值基于全部25699条记录计算得出，无缺失值。极端值（如电力能耗峰值78 kWh/小时、二氧化碳浓度峰值1908 ppm）既包含实际运行峰值，也包含故意保留的异常读数。使用者在明确本数据集的异常检测研究背景前，不应将此类数值视为错误数据。 相关资源： 平台：https://www.moderate.cloud（支持交互式访问与应用程序编程接口） 文档：https://moderate-project.github.io/moderate-docs 源代码/工具：https://github.com/MODERATE-Project/ 项目官网：https://moderate-project.eu 资助协议：欧盟地平线计划（Horizon Europe）资助编号GA 101069834 本数据集采用知识共享署名4.0国际许可协议（Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, CC BY 4.0）发布。您可出于任意目的使用、分享并改编本数据集，但需标注恰当的引用来源。 若您使用本数据集，请引用如下文献： M. Castagna、C. Pozza (2026). 多户住宅建筑——意大利博尔扎诺区域每小时能耗与室内环境质量监测时间序列（2006–2009）. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20096697 项目：MODERATE（欧盟地平线计划GA 101069834）. https://www.moderate.cloud