"Table 184" of "Properties of jet fragmentation using charged particles measured with the ATLAS detector in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV"

CERN-LHC. This paper presents a measurement of quantities related to the formation of jets from high energy quarks and gluons (fragmentation). Jets with $100$ GeV $ 500$ MeV~and $|\eta| < 2.5$~are used to probe the detailed structure of the jet. The fragmentation properties of the more forward and the more central of the leading two jets from each event are studied. The data are unfolded to correct for detector resolution and acceptance effects. Comparisons to parton shower Monte Carlo generators indicate that existing models provide a reasonable description of the data across a wide range of phase space, but there are also significant differences. Furthermore, the data are interpreted in the context of quark- and gluon-initiated jets by exploiting the rapidity dependence of the jet flavor fraction. A first measurement of the charged-particle multiplicity using model-independent jet labels (topic modeling) provides a promising alternative to traditional quark- and gluon- extractions using simulation input. The simulations provide a reasonable description of the quark-like data across the jet $p_\text{T}$ range presented in this measurement, but the gluon-like data have systematically fewer charged particles than the simulations. Uncertainties are broken down by category and should be treated as fully correlated between bins and between observables except for statistical uncertainties.

欧洲核子研究中心大型强子对撞机（CERN-LHC）。本论文针对高能夸克（quark）与胶子（gluon）碎裂形成喷注（jet）的相关物理量开展测量研究。选取横动量（$p_ ext{T}$）满足$100 ext{GeV} < p_ ext{T} < 500 ext{GeV}$（原输入疑似笔误，原标注为$500 ext{MeV}$，结合高能物理实验场景应为$500 ext{GeV}$）且赝快度$|eta| < 2.5$的喷注，用于探究喷注的精细内部结构。本研究针对每个事件中前导双喷注的更向前和更中心的喷注的碎裂特性展开分析。随后对数据进行解卷（unfolding）处理，以校正探测器分辨与接收度效应。通过与部分子喷注（parton shower）蒙特卡洛（Monte Carlo, MC）发生器的对比可知，现有模型能够在较宽相空间范围内合理描述实验数据，但仍存在显著差异。此外，本研究借助喷注味组分的快度（rapidity）依赖性，将实验数据诠释为夸克初始喷注与胶子初始喷注的情形。首次采用与模型无关的喷注标签方法（主题建模，topic modeling）开展带电粒子多重数测量，为替代传统基于模拟输入的夸克与胶子喷注甄别手段提供了极具前景的新思路。模拟结果能够在本次测量涵盖的喷注横动量范围内合理描述类夸克喷注的实验数据，但类胶子喷注的带电粒子数系统性低于模拟结果。各类不确定性按类别划分，除统计不确定性外，在各数据区间（bin）与各可观测量之间均视为完全关联。