HarDWR - Harmonized Water Rights Records

For a detailed description of the database of which this record is only one part, please see the HarDWR meta-record. Here we present a new dataset of western U.S. water rights records. This dataset provides consistent unique identifiers for each spatial unit of water management across the domain, unique identifiers for each water right record, and a consistent categorization scheme that puts each water right record into one of 7 broad use categories. These data were instrumental in conducting a study of the multi-sector dynamics of intersectoral water allocation changes through water markets (Grogan et al., in review). Specifically, the data were formatted for use as input to a process-based hydrologic model, WBM, with a water rights module (Grogan et al., in review). While this specific study motivated the development of the database presented here, U.S. west water management is a rich area of study (e.g., Anderson and Woosly, 2005; Tidwell, 2014; Null and Prudencio, 2016; Carney et al, 2021) so releasing this database publicly with documentation and usage notes will enable other researchers to do further work on water management in the U.S. west. The raw downloaded data for each state is described in Lisk et al. (in review), as well as here. The dataset is a collection of objects stored within an RDate file, stateWaterRightsHarmonized.RData. Each object either describes how one should interact with the other objects, or contains the harmonized water rights data. Here is each object described in detail: states: A character vector containing the state names for those states in which data was collected for. More importantly, the index of the state name is also the index in which that state's data can be found in the various following list objects. For example, if California is the third index in this object, the data for California will also be in the third index for each accompanying list. rightsByState_ground: A list of data frames with the cleaned ground water rights collected from each state. The column headers for each data frame are: waterRightID - The unique identifying ID of the water right, the same identifier as its state uses. basinNum - The alpha-numeric identifier of the WMA the record belongs to. priorityDate - The priority date associated with the right. allocatedFlow - The maximum flow of the allocation in cubic feet per second (ft3s-1). source - Whether the right is for surface water or groundwater. origWaterUse - The original stated water use from the state. waterUse - The water use category under the unified use categories established here. rightsByState_surface: A list of the cleaned surface water rights collected from each state. See rightsByState_ground for more details on how the data is formatted. fullRightsRecs: A list of the combined groundwater and surface water records for each state. Essentially, these lists are the merging of rightsByState_ground and rightsByState_surface by state. See rightsByState_ground for more details on how the data is formatted. projProj: The spatial projection used for map creation in the beginning of the project. Specifically, the World Geodetic System (WGS84) as a coordinate reference system (CRS) string in PROJ.4 format. wmaStateLabel: The name and/or abbreviation for what each state legally calls their WMAs. h2oUseByState: A list of spatial polygon data frames which contain the area(s) in which each water right is claimed to be used. It should be noted that not all water right records have a listed area(s) of use in this object. Currently, only Idaho and Washington provided valid data to be included in this object. h2oDivByState: A list of spatial points data frames which identifies the location of the Point of Diversion for the state's water rights. It should be noted that not all water right records have a listed Point of Diversion in this object. spatialWMAByState: A list of spatial polygon data frames which contain the spatial WMA boundaries for each state. The only data contained within the table are identifiers for each polygon. It is worth reiterating that Arizona is the only state in which the surface and groundwater WMA boundaries are not the same. wmaIDByState: A list which contains the unique ID values of the WMAs for each state. plottingDim: A character vector used to inform mapping functions for internal map making. Each state is classified as either "tall" or "wide", to maximize space on a typical 8x11 page.

若需了解本记录仅为其一组成部分的完整数据库详情，请参阅HarDWR元记录（HarDWR meta-record）。本研究公开一套美国西部水权记录数据集。该数据集为研究范围内每个水资源管理空间单元提供统一唯一标识符，为每条水权记录分配唯一标识，并采用统一分类体系将所有水权记录划分为7大类用途。

本数据集曾助力一项基于水市场的跨部门水资源配置变化多部门动态研究（Grogan等，待刊）。具体而言，本数据集经格式化处理后，可作为搭载水权模块的过程型水文模型WBM的输入数据（Grogan等，待刊）。尽管本数据库的开发初衷源于上述特定研究，但美国西部水资源管理仍是极具研究价值的领域（例如：Anderson与Woosly，2005；Tidwell，2014；Null与Prudencio，2016；Carney等，2021）。因此，本数据库将随文档与使用说明公开发布，可为其他研究者开展美国西部水资源管理相关后续研究提供支持。

各州原始下载数据的详情可参阅Lisk等（待刊）及本说明。本数据集存储于RData文件stateWaterRightsHarmonized.RData中，由多个对象组成。各对象要么用于说明各对象间的交互方式，要么存储经过统一协调标准化处理的水权数据。

以下为各对象的详细说明：
- `states`：字符型向量，包含已采集数据的各州名称。尤为关键的是，州名的索引位置与其对应州的数据在后续各列表对象中的索引位置完全一致。例如，若加利福尼亚州在本向量中位列第三，则其数据也将在各配套列表的第三个索引位置。
- `rightsByState_ground`：数据框列表，存储从各州采集并经清洗后的地下水水权数据。各数据框的列名及含义如下：
- `waterRightID`：水权唯一标识符，与所属州使用的标识完全一致；
- `basinNum`：当前记录所属水资源管理分区（Water Management Area, WMA）的字母数字混合标识符；
- `priorityDate`：与该水权相关的优先日期；
- `allocatedFlow`：配水最大流量，单位为立方英尺每秒（ft³·s⁻¹）；
- `source`：水权类型，分为地表水或地下水；
- `origWaterUse`：各州原始记录中记载的用水用途；
- `waterUse`：本数据集统一分类体系下的用水类别。
- `rightsByState_surface`：数据框列表，存储从各州采集并经清洗后的地表水水权数据。数据格式详情可参阅`rightsByState_ground`的说明。
- `fullRightsRecs`：列表集合，包含各州合并后的地下水与地表水水权记录。本质上，该列表是按州将`rightsByState_ground`与`rightsByState_surface`合并得到的结果。数据格式详情可参阅`rightsByState_ground`的说明。
- `projProj`：本项目初期用于制图的空间投影参数。具体为采用PROJ.4格式存储的坐标参考系统（Coordinate Reference System, CRS）字符串，对应世界大地坐标系1984（World Geodetic System 1984, WGS84）。
- `wmaStateLabel`：各州法定的水资源管理分区（WMA）名称及/或缩写。
- `h2oUseByState`：空间多边形数据框列表，存储各水权申报的用水区域范围。需注意的是，并非所有水权记录都在本对象中附带用水区域数据。截至目前，仅有爱达荷州与华盛顿州提供了可纳入本数据集的有效用水区域数据。
- `h2oDivByState`：空间点数据框列表，用于标识各州水权的取水点位置。需注意的是，并非所有水权记录都在本对象中附带取水点信息。
- `spatialWMAByState`：空间多边形数据框列表，存储各州的水资源管理分区（WMA）空间边界。该对象仅存储各多边形的标识符。需再次强调的是，亚利桑那州是唯一将地表水与地下水管理分区边界设置为不一致的州。
- `wmaIDByState`：列表集合，存储各州水资源管理分区（WMA）的唯一标识符。
- `plottingDim`：字符型向量，用于为内部制图功能提供参数设置依据。本向量将各州分为"tall"（高纵型）与"wide"（宽横型）两类，以最大化适配标准8×11英寸页面的空间利用率。