European small-reservoir pumped hydro storage atlas: drawdown, geological and size-constrained scenarios (36 countries)

Result layers and sensitivity tables for the manuscript Distributed small-reservoir pumped hydro storage in Europe: a continental GIS screening under drawdown and geological constraints. The dataset contains candidate and non-overlapping selected pairs of small reservoirs across 36 European countries, together with cost–potential curves and continental summaries. The revised analysis explicitly varies allowable lake drawdown (0.5, 1, 2 and 5 m), distinguishes gross hydraulic and deliverable electrical energy, screens dry karst depressions, and applies upper site-energy bounds of 100 MWh, 500 MWh and 1 GWh before portfolio selection. Under the 5-km grid constraint, the unconstrained size portfolio contains 3.61 TWh of theoretical gross hydraulic energy; the conservative technical range is approximately 1.9–2.4 TWh depending on karst treatment, drawdown and the upper site-energy boundary. These results are GIS screening estimates, not plant designs or deployment forecasts. The full reproducible workflow and country profiles are available in the related code repository. See README.md for archive contents, schemas, cross-border deduplication caveats and licensing details. Funding: This research received no external funding. CRediT: Robin Girard — Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Formal analysis, Investigation, Data curation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. Emanuele Quaranta — Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing. Version 1.1 adds existing_psh_fleet_power_head.csv: installed power and gross head of the existing and planned European pumped-hydro fleet (power and head from the JRC hydropower database and IHA), used for the resource-positioning figure of the paper.