Finite Element Dataset for "Let them fight: Using finite element analysis to determine combative evolutionary drivers of ceratopsian horns": USNM Specimens

This dataset contains finite element models derived from the Triceratops horridus specimens USNM 2100 and USNM 2124 (From the composite specimen USNM V 2580) and Centrosaurus apertus specimen USNM 8897 and used for various combat tests used for a study on ceratopsian combat styles. The question being answered is if diverse combat styles served as a major evolutionary driver for the diverse morphology of ceratopsian horns. The scans were then retrodeformed in Blender 3.2.1 and turned into tetrahedral meshes in Hypermesh 2022. For the horn-only models, they were created using the Separation tool in Blender 3.2.1 and keratin sheaths were created in Geomagic 2021. Calculated forces were placed on the models in Hypermesh as loads in accordance with various combat styles, anatomical axes, and horn locking positions.The dataset is organized into the following files:Centrosaurus.zip: Contains the CAE and INP files for the Centrosaurus apertus skull used in this study. It also includes corresponding horn-only FE models.USNM_Triceratops.zip: Contains the CAE and INP files for the Triceratops horridus skull from the Smithsonian used in this study. It also includes corresponding horn-only FE models.Both skulls were based on scans provided with permissions by the Smithsonian Institution. The original specimens have the following GUIDs: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/33a0d8fbe-d3d6-4c5e-9817-99a45cf5bc07 and http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3815f2a37-bffb-4053-92aa-1f732db93a5d. Special thanks to Holly Little for giving permission to use the original scans. These files do not include the original scan geometry. Use of underlying specimen data must comply with Smithsonian Terms of Use.本数据集包含源自恐怖三角龙（Triceratops horridus）标本USNM 2100、USNM 2124（来自复合标本USNM V 2580）以及优胜尖角龙（Centrosaurus apertus）标本USNM 8897的有限元模型（finite element models），用于一项针对角龙类战斗方式的研究中的各类战斗测试。本研究拟解答的核心问题为：多样化的战斗方式是否为角龙类角部多样形态演化的主要驱动因素。 扫描所得数据随后在Blender 3.2.1中进行逆向还原，并在Hypermesh 2022中转换为四面体网格。针对仅含角部的模型，我们通过Blender 3.2.1的分离工具创建，并在Geomagic 2021中生成角质鞘模型。随后，在Hypermesh中根据不同战斗方式、解剖学轴以及角部锁定位置，将计算得到的作用力以载荷形式施加于各模型之上。 本数据集按如下文件组织： Centrosaurus.zip：包含本研究中使用的优胜尖角龙头骨的CAE与INP格式文件，同时附带对应的仅含角部的有限元模型。 USNM_Triceratops.zip：包含本研究中使用的史密森尼学会藏恐怖三角龙头骨的CAE与INP格式文件，同时附带对应的仅含角部的有限元模型。 两份头骨均基于史密森尼学会授权提供的扫描数据构建。原始标本的全局唯一标识符（Globally Unique Identifier, GUID）分别为：http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/33a0d8fbe-d3d6-4c5e-9817-99a45cf5bc07 与 http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3815f2a37-bffb-4053-92aa-1f732db93a5d。 特别感谢霍莉·利特尔（Holly Little）授权使用原始扫描数据。本数据集未包含原始扫描几何模型。使用本数据集附带的标本相关数据需遵守史密森尼学会使用条款。