Plan to prevent the foreseeable natural risks of flooding the Loire on the Val de Tours — Val de Luynes 2016 in Indre-et-Loire

The COVADIS data standard for risk prevention plans includes all the technical and organisational specifications for the digital storage of geographical data represented in the risk prevention plans (RPPs). The major risks consist of the eight main natural hazards foreseeable in the national territory: floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, terrain movements, coastal hazards, avalanches, forest fires, cyclones and storms, and four technological risks: nuclear risk, industrial risk, risk of transport of hazardous materials and risk of dam failure. The Risk Prevention Plans (PPR) were established by the Act of 2 February 1995 on strengthening the protection of the environment. The PPR tool is part of the Law of 22 July 1987 on the organisation of civil security, the protection of the forest against fire and the prevention of major risks. The development of a RPP is the responsibility of the State. It is decided by the Prefect. Whether natural, technological or multi-hazard, risk prevention plans have similarities. They contain three categories of information: • Regulatory mapping translates into a geographical delimitation of the territory concerned by the risk. This delimitation defines areas in which specific regulations apply. These regulations are easement and impose requirements varying according to the hazard level to which the area is exposed. The areas are represented on a zoning plan that fully covers the study area. • The hazards at the origin of the risk are contained in hazard documents which may be inserted in the presentation report or annexed to the RPP. These documents are used to map the different intensity levels of each hazard considered in the risk prevention plan. • The issues identified during the preparation of the RPP can also be annexed to the approved document in the form of maps. These similarities between the different types of PPR and the desire to achieve a good level of standardisation of PPR data have led COVADIS to opt for a single data standard, sufficiently generic to process the different types of risk prevention plan (natural risk prevention plans PPRN, technological risk prevention plans PPRT) This data standard does not consist of a complete modelling of a risk prevention plan dossier. The scope of this document is limited to geographical data in the RPPs, whether regulatory or not. Nor is the PPR standard intended to standardise knowledge of hazards. The challenge is to have a description for a homogeneous storage of the geographical data of the RPPs, since these data are of interest to several professions within the ministries responsible for agriculture, on the one hand, and ecology, and on the other hand, sustainable development.

用于风险预防计划的COVADIS数据标准，涵盖了风险预防计划（Risk Prevention Plans, RPPs）中所涉及地理数据的数字化存储所需的全部技术与组织规范。本国境内可预见的主要风险包含8类典型自然灾害与4类技术风险：其中自然灾害包括洪水、地震、火山喷发、地形位移、海岸灾害、雪崩、森林火灾、气旋与风暴；技术风险则涵盖核风险、工业风险、危险材料运输风险以及溃坝风险。

风险预防计划（Risk Prevention Plans, PPR）由1995年2月2日《加强环境保护法案》确立，而PPR工具同时纳入1987年7月22日《民用安全组织、森林防火与重大风险预防法案》的规制范畴。RPP的制定由国家统筹负责，最终审批权归属于省长。

无论针对单一自然灾害、技术风险还是多灾种复合场景，各类风险预防计划均具备共通特征，其内容包含三大类信息：
• 管控区划制图：将风险覆盖的领土范围进行地理界定，明确适用特定监管要求的区域。此类监管规则为地役限制性规定，并根据区域面临的灾害等级设定差异化约束条件。上述区域将在覆盖全部研究区域的分区规划图中予以标注。
• 风险源灾害信息：收录引发风险的各类灾害的相关文件可嵌入编制报告，或作为RPP的附件。此类文件用于绘制风险预防计划中所考量的各类灾害的不同强度等级分布图。
• 编制识别问题：在RPP编制过程中发现的各类问题，也可通过地图形式作为附件附于获批文件之后。

鉴于不同类型PPR之间的共通性，以及提升PPR数据标准化水平的需求，COVADIS最终选择采用单一数据标准。该标准具备足够的通用性，可适配不同类型的风险预防计划，包括自然风险预防计划（Natural Risk Prevention Plans, PPRN）与技术风险预防计划（Technological Risk Prevention Plans, PPRT）。

本数据标准并非对风险预防计划档案的完整建模，其适用范围仅局限于RPP中的地理数据，无论此类数据是否具备合规属性。同时，PPR标准也并非用于统一灾害相关的专业认知。本标准的核心目标是为RPP地理数据的同质化存储提供统一描述规范——此类数据可同时为农业、生态及可持续发展领域的多个政府部门相关从业人员所使用。