Factors associated with hospitalization and neonatal mortality in a cohort of newborns from the Unified Health System in São Paulo

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Newborn care is an important factor associated with hospitalization and neonatal mortality. Objective: To analyze factors associated with hospitalization and neonatal mortality of newborns (NBs) admitted to the Unified Health System (SUS), São Paulo, 2012. Methods: A cohort of NBs from the SUS was obtained by linking data: SUS Hospital Information System, Live Birth Information System, Mortality Information System and National Health Facility Registry. Poisson and Cox regression were performed. Results: 16.5% (9,127) of the NBs were hospitalized, 4.7% (2,613) were admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and 11.8% (6,514) to a Neonatal Intermediate Care Unit (NIMCU). Maternal age ≥ 35 years (RR = 1.1, IC95% 1.1 - 1.2), inadequate prenatal care (RR = 1.2, IC95% 1.1 - 1.3), hospitalization for obstetric complications (RR = 1.1, IC95% 1.1 - 1.2), prematurity (≤ 32 weeks: RR = 1.6, IC95% 1.5 - 1.8; 32 to 36 weeks: RR = 1.7, IC95% 1.6 - 1,7), low weight (