Archaeological Survey Proposed Forestry Activities Training Areas 21, 23, 24, and 30 Fort A.P. Hill, Caroline County, Virginia

The Fort A.P. Hill Cultural Resource Manager, under the Environmental Division of the Directorate of Public Works within Fort A.P. Hill, Virginia, has completed Phase I archaeological survey in association with proposed forestry activities in 10 forestry blocks located in Training Areas 21, 23, 24, and 30, Fort A.P. Hill, Caroline County, Virginia. The proposed forestry activities will include two pine selection cuts (Blocks 24A06PS and 30A06PS), four pine thinnings (Blocks 21A06TH, 23A06TH, 23B06TH, and 23C06TH), and four pine shelterwood cuts (Blocks 24A06PW, 30B06PW, 30C06PW, and 30D06PW). The Project Area consists of approximately 139.26 hectares (344.1 acres) of forestland.
The objective of the archaeological survey was to identify any historic properties that may be located within the proposed forestry blocks and evaluate the potential eligibility of any such resources for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. As a result of the investigations, two previously unrecorded archaeological sites (44CE0476 and 44CE0477) and one isolated artifact location (IA-0601) were identified.
Site 44CE0476 is a late eighteenth- to mid nineteenth-century farmstead site, with domestic vegetation including yucca plants and cedar trees. Although all of the artifacts were encountered in Ap-horizon deposits, and no intact cultural features were identified at the site during the current survey, the cultural materials recovered from Site 44CE0476 may be attributable to a relatively confined temporal period (ca. 1780-1830). Brick fragments were encountered throughout the site, as was vegetation suggestive of a historic house site (e.g., yucca plants and cedar trees). It is possible that portions of the site have experienced relatively limited disturbance from previous agricultural and military activities and that cultural deposits at the site may reveal the presence of extant or former subsurface features. Consequently, the artifacts recovered from the site may represent intact (or partially intact) cultural deposits that may provide information relative to site age and function. Site 44CE0476 is eligible for inclusion in the National Register under Criterion D, as the site may yield additional information relative to colonial settlement in Caroline County during the Colony to Nation (1750 to 1789) and Early National (1789 to 1830) periods. The site does not appear to be eligible for inclusion in the National Register under Criteria A, B, or C.
Site 44CE0477 represents a very low density, nineteenth- or twentieth-century historic domestic artifact scatter that accumulated along a former fenceline. As (1) all of the artifacts were recovered from Ap-horizon soils, (2) no cultural features or intact cultural deposits were encountered at the site, and (3) no natural features typical of historic sites (e.g., domestic vegetation) were identified in the vicinity, Site 44CE0477 does not maintain integrity relative to the National Register Criteria. Consequently, Site 44CE0477 is not eligible for inclusion in the National Register under Criteria A, B, C, or D.

This report also includes the artifact inventory in the appendices.

弗吉尼亚州卡罗琳县A.P.希尔堡公共工程局环境分部下属的文化资源管理员，已针对该堡训练区21、23、24、30号区域内的10个林业地块的拟议林业活动完成第一阶段考古调查。本次拟开展的林业活动包括2处松树择伐作业（地块24A06PS与30A06PS）、4处松树疏伐作业（地块21A06TH、23A06TH、23B06TH与23C06TH），以及4处松树渐伐作业（地块24A06PW、30B06PW、30C06PW与30D06PW）。本次项目区域涵盖约139.26公顷（合344.1英亩）林地。
本次考古调查的目标为识别拟议林业地块范围内可能存在的历史遗存，并评估此类资源是否符合纳入《国家史迹名录（National Register of Historic Places）》的资格。经调查，本次共发现2处此前未被记录的考古遗址（44CE0476与44CE0477）以及1处孤立遗物点（IA-0601）。
遗址44CE0476为18世纪晚期至19世纪中期的农场遗址，境内分布有丝兰、雪松等与住宅相关的植被。尽管本次调查中所有遗物均出土于耕作层（Ap-horizon），且未发现该遗址存在完整的文化遗迹，但从该遗址采集的文化遗物可归属于一个相对集中的年代区间（约公元1780年至1830年）。遗址内遍布砖块残片，同时存在可指示历史住宅遗址的植被特征（如丝兰与雪松）。该遗址部分区域可能因此前的农业与军事活动受到了有限程度的扰动，遗址内的文化堆积或许仍保存有现存或已埋藏的地下遗迹。因此，本次从该遗址出土的遗物可能代表了完整（或部分完整）的文化堆积，可为确定遗址年代与功能提供相关信息。根据准则D（Criterion D），44CE0476遗址符合纳入《国家史迹名录》的资格，因为该遗址可提供卡罗琳县在“殖民地到建国”（1750年至1789年）与“建国初期”（1789年至1830年）两个时期殖民定居的相关信息。该遗址不符合根据准则A、B或C纳入《国家史迹名录》的资格。
遗址44CE0477为一处低密度的19世纪至20世纪历史家庭遗物散布点，遗物沿旧时围栏线分布。由于（1）所有遗物均出土于耕作层土壤；（2）未发现该遗址存在文化遗迹或完整文化堆积；（3）遗址周边未发现历史遗址典型的住宅相关植被，因此44CE0477遗址不具备符合《国家史迹名录》评定标准的完整性。据此，44CE0477遗址不符合根据准则A、B、C或D纳入《国家史迹名录》的资格。
本报告附录中包含遗物清单。