Data and R-scripts for Thermal plasticity in a cross-sexual transfer trait: geographic variation and phenotypic integration of blue wing color in female butterflies

README: Description: These CSV-files and associated R-scripts should make it possible to replicate all the statistical results and figures in the manuscript titled “Thermal plasticity in a cross-sexual transfer trait: geographic variation and phenotypic integration of blue wing color in female butterflies" Figure 1 List of data files and r scripts b) largemuseumdataset.csv: This CSV-file contains descriptive data on 2233 museum samples of Polyommatus icarus. These specimens are available at the Lund University Biological Museum. The column names include: ID: The incremental ID number of each specimen Sex: The sex of the specimen Latitude: The mid-point latitude of the parish in which the specimen was collected Longitude: The mid-point longitude of the parish in which the specimen was collected Date: The full date of collection Day: The day of collection in a month Month: The month of collection Year: The year of collection Color: The color scale value from 1-5 (here inverted to facilitate the making of Figure 1, i.e. 1=most blue, 5= most brown). Generation: For Öland and Skåne, the assignment into spring (1) and summer (2) generation. MuseumID: The individual ID in the Lund University Museum dataset. The script that generates figure 1b can be found in the Rscript file: Fig 1 c) Artportalen.csv: This CSV-file contains 29 073 observations of Polyommatus icarus, their observation dates, longitudinal and latitudinal coordinates ("Ost" = Longitude; "Nord" = Latitude). These Citizen Science Data were downloaded from the Swedish Species Portal (Artportalen: https://www.artportalen.se/) and they were recorded by naturalist volunteers between 2010-08-11 and 2020-06-23 (11 seasons). sColumn names: Ost: The longitude of a sighting Nord: The latitude of a sighting Startdatum: The date of the sighting The script that generates figure 1c can be found in the Rscript file: Fig 1 d) ArtportalenOlandSkane.csv. This CSV-file contains sightings of Polyommatus icarus from the Öland and Skåne Regions, uploaded to the Swedish Species Portal (Artportalen: https://www.artportalen.se/), recorded by naturalist volunteers between 2000-01-01 and 2022-12-31 (23 seasons).The data are presented in 10-day bins starting on day 130 of each year. Figure 1 d was produced using Microsoft Excel. (File name: Figure1d) e) SkaneOlandScale.csv This CSV-file contains a frequency table of female museum specimens attributed to the five different degrees of blue color. The table is divided into females collected in the regions Öland and Skåne, and in the spring or summer generation. Figure 1e was analyzed in a Chi-Square test, and the figure was produced using Microsoft Excel. (File name: Figure1e) Figure 2 List of data files and r scripts a) Wild.csv: This CSV-file contains the wing areas and the areas of blue scales on wild-caught females from two populations in the Skåne Region (Tvedöra and Lund), and in the island of Öland (Sandby and Grönhögen). These data underlie Figure 2A. The column names include: ID: The individual ID of collected females Population: The site where a female was collected Region: The region in which the site was located. Scale: The color scale (see Fig 1A) of the dorsal female wing (1 = all brown, 5= almost fully blue) FWArea: The area of the right forewing FWBlue: The area of the right forewing covered in blue scales HWArea: The area of the right hindwing HWBlue: The area of the right hindwing covered in blue scales WATot: The summed areas of the two wings measured BlueTot: The summed areas of the two blue areas measured. The script that generates figure 2a can be found in the Rscript file: Fig2a b) temp.csv: This CSV-file contains the mean monthly temperatures for Skåne and Öland between 1960-1990 (downloaded from the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute; www.smhi.se). These data underlie the blue and red lines in Figure 2B. Column names: Month: The month of the year Skåne: The average temperature in °C of the Skåne region between 1960-1990 Öland: The average temperature in °C of the Öland region between 1960-1990 The figure was generated using Microsoft Excel (File name: Figure2b) c and d) LaboratoryExperiment.csv: This CSV-file contains the wing areas and the areas of blue scales on adult females reared as larvae in two different temperatures (18°C and 26°C). These data underlie Figure 2 C,D. Column names depict: ID: The ID of the eclosing adult MotherID: The ID of the field-collected mother of the eclosing adult (from the dataset “Wild.txt”). MotherBlueScale: The blue color scale of the mother’s dorsal wings (see Fig 1A) (1 = all brown, 5= almost fully blue) RearinTemp: The rearing temperature Region: The region of origin of the field-collected mother Population: The population of origin of the field-collected mother Blue scale: The blue color scale of the eclosing adult (see Fig 1A) (1 = all brown, 5= almost fully blue) Area FW: The area of the right forewing Blue FW: The area of the right forewing covered in blue scales Area HW: The area of the right hindwing Blue HW: The area of the right hindwing covered in blue scales Total wing area: The summed areas of the two wings measured Total Blue area: The summed areas of the two blue areas measured. Percentage blue: The quota between “Total Blue area” and “Total wing area” (not used in analyses). The script that generates figure 2c and 2d can be found in the Rscript file: Fig2cde e) museum.csv: This CSV-file contains data on the 960 female Polyommatus icarus museum specimens for which data on wing areas and the areas of blue scales are available. These data underlie Figure 2 E: ID: The butterfly ID number AreaFW: The area of the right forewing BlueFW: The area of the right forewing covered in blue scales AreaHW: The area of the right hindwing BlueHW: The area of the right hindwing covered in blue scales TotWarea: The summed areas of the two wings measured StTotArea: The standardized total wing area (difference to mean divided by standard deviation) TotalBlueArea: The summed areas of the two blue areas measured StBlArea: Variable not used. The standardized blue area (difference to mean divided by standard deviation) Blueprop: The quota between “Total Blue area” and “Total wing area” (not used in analyses). ColorScale: The blue color scale of the specimen (see Fig 1A) (1 = all brown, 5= almost fully blue) BinomBlue1: Variable not used. 0= completely brown, 1=at least some blue scales BinomBlue2: Variable not used. 0= brown in distal scales, 1=almost completely blue Landskap: The region of Sweden in which a specimen was collected Socken: The parish of Sweden in which a specimen was collected LatGroup: Variable not used. Grouping variable of specimens in latitude ranges from south to north Latitud: The latitude (centre of parish) where a specimen was collected Longitud: The longitude (centre of parish) where a specimen was collected Year: The year a specimen was collected Month: The month a specimen was collected Day: The day of the month a specimen was collected LarvalMonth: The month in which the specimen was estimated to be in the ultimate larval stages FlyingMonth: the month of adult flight Generation: The estimated generation, dependen on latitude. Cf. Figure 1C. AnnMeanTemp: The annual mean temperature at this geographic location StAnnTemp: The standardized annual mean temperature (difference to mean divided by standard deviation) LarvTemp: The local temperature during the time a specimen was estimated to be a larva StLarvTemp: The standardized estimated larval temperature (difference to mean divided by standard deviation) Flytemp: The local temperature at the time a specimen was estimated to be on the wing StFlyTemp: The standardized flight temperature (difference to mean divided by standard deviation) AnnPrecip: The annual precipitation at this geographic location StAnnPrecip: The standardized annual precipitation (difference to mean divided by standard deviation) LarvPrecip: The local precipitation during the time a specimen was estimated to be a larva. StLarvPrecip: The standardized estimated precipitation during larvalhood (difference to mean divided by standard deviation) FlyPrecip: The local precipitation during the time a specimen was estimated to have been on the wing. StFlyPrecip: The standardized estimated precipitation during adulthood (difference to mean divided by standard deviation) The script that generates figure 2e can be found in the Rscript file: Fig2cde Figure 3 List of data files and r scripts a) 100um.csv: This CSV file contains the data obtained from photos taken at the 100um scale from the dorsal side of the forewings of brown and blue Polyommatus icarus females and from (blue) males. The data underlie Figure 3A (in table form at the bottom of the file). Column names: Id: The butterfly ID. Sex: The sex of the specimen. Population: The population the specimen descended from. Category: The type of butterfly (brown female, blue female, male). Area: The wing area the scale was located in (blue or brown). Spiky_ scales: The number of spiky scales in photographed area. Mixed_Scales: The number of mixed scales in photographed area. Round_Scales: The number of round scales in photographed area. Prop_spiky_ scales: The proportion of scales being spiky. Prop_mixed_Scales: The proportion of scales being mixed. Prop_round_Scales: The proportion of scales being round. The figure was prepared in Microsoft Excel. (File name: Figure3a) b) 10um.csv: This CSV file contains the data obtained from photos taken at the 10um scale from the dorsal side of single forewing scales of brown and blue Polyommatus icarus females and from (blue) males. There are three different scale types represented: “spiky” scales (from brown areas of female wings, “roundish” scales, from blue areas of male and blue female wings, and “mixed” scales, from blue areas of blue female wings. The data underlie Figure 3B. Column names: Sex: The sex of the specimen Type: The type of butterfly (brown female, blue female, male) Scale_type: The scale type photographed (spike, or round) Area: The wing area the scale was located in (blue or brown) Group: The grouping variable (see Fig 3 A) Id: The butterfly ID Blue_scale: The designation of the butterfly wing color on the blue scale (1= brown, 5= blue, 6 = male). PropHoleArea: The proportion of the wing scale cell being hollow PropMembrArea: The proportion of the wing scale cell being membranous. Data were analyzed using a Kruskal Wallis test with “PropHoleArea” as response variable and “Group” as grouping variable. The figure was prepared in Microsoft Excel. (File name: Figure3b)README: 说明文档：以下CSV文件及配套R脚本可复现题为《跨性转移性状的热可塑性：雌性蝴蝶蓝色翅斑的地理变异与表型整合》的手稿中所有统计结果与图表。 ## 图1 ### 数据文件与R脚本列表 b) largemuseumdataset.csv：该CSV文件包含2233份伊卡多眼灰蝶（Polyommatus icarus）博物馆标本的描述性数据，所有标本均馆藏于隆德大学生物博物馆。各列字段说明如下： - ID：每份标本的递增编号 - Sex：标本性别 - Latitude：标本采集所在教区的中心点纬度 - Longitude：标本采集所在教区的中心点经度 - Date：完整采集日期 - Day：采集当日为当月的第几日 - Month：采集月份 - Year：采集年份 - Color：1-5级的翅色分级值（为便于绘制图1已做反转处理，即1代表蓝色最深，5代表褐色最深） - Generation：针对厄兰岛（Öland）和斯科讷（Skåne）地区的世代划分，其中1为春季世代，2为夏季世代 - MuseumID：隆德大学博物馆数据集内的个体编号 生成图1b的R脚本位于"Fig 1"文件中。 c) Artportalen.csv：该CSV文件包含29073条伊卡多眼灰蝶（Polyommatus icarus）的观测记录，含观测日期、经纬度坐标（其中"Ost"代表经度，"Nord"代表纬度）。这些公民科学数据下载自瑞典物种门户（Artportalen: https://www.artportalen.se/），由自然爱好者志愿者于2010年8月11日至2020年6月23日（共11个观测季）记录。各列字段说明如下： - Ost：观测点经度 - Nord：观测点纬度 - Startdatum：观测日期 生成图1c的R脚本位于"Fig 1"文件中。 d) ArtportalenOlandSkane.csv：该CSV文件包含上传至瑞典物种门户（Artportalen: https://www.artportalen.se/）的厄兰岛与斯科讷地区伊卡多眼灰蝶（Polyommatus icarus）观测记录，由自然爱好者志愿者于2000年1月1日至2022年12月31日（共23个观测季）记录。数据以每年第130天起的10天为间隔分组。图1d使用Microsoft Excel绘制（文件名：Figure1d）。 e) SkaneOlandScale.csv：该CSV文件包含按翅色五级分级统计的雌性伊卡多眼灰蝶（Polyommatus icarus）博物馆标本频数表，数据按采集地区（厄兰岛、斯科讷）及世代（春季、夏季）划分。图1e通过卡方检验分析，并使用Microsoft Excel绘制（文件名：Figure1e）。 ## 图2 ### 数据文件与R脚本列表 a) Wild.csv：该CSV文件包含野生捕获的雌性伊卡多眼灰蝶（Polyommatus icarus）的翅面积及蓝色鳞片覆盖面积数据，样本来自斯科讷地区的两个种群（特韦德拉（Tvedöra）和隆德（Lund））以及厄兰岛的两个种群（桑德比（Sandby）和格罗讷霍根（Grönhögen）），这些数据为图2A的支撑数据。各列字段说明如下： - ID：捕获雌性个体的编号 - Population：雌性个体的采集种群 - Region：采集种群所在的地区 - Scale：雌性背翅的翅色分级（参见图1A，1代表全褐色，5代表近乎全蓝色） - FWArea：右前翅面积 - FWBlue：右前翅的蓝色鳞片覆盖面积 - HWArea：右后翅面积 - HWBlue：右后翅的蓝色鳞片覆盖面积 - WATot：两侧翅的总面积 - BlueTot：两侧翅的蓝色鳞片覆盖总面积 生成图2a的R脚本位于"Fig2a"文件中。 b) temp.csv：该CSV文件包含1960-1990年斯科讷与厄兰岛地区的月平均气温数据（数据下载自瑞典气象水文研究所（Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, SMHI）：www.smhi.se），这些数据为图2B中蓝、红两条折线的支撑数据。各列字段说明如下： - Month：月份 - Skåne：1960-1990年斯科讷地区的平均气温（单位：摄氏度） - Öland：1960-1990年厄兰岛地区的平均气温（单位：摄氏度） 该图使用Microsoft Excel绘制（文件名：Figure2b）。 c)与d) LaboratoryExperiment.csv：该CSV文件包含在两种温度（18℃与26℃）下饲养的幼虫羽化成的雌性伊卡多眼灰蝶（Polyommatus icarus）的翅面积及蓝色鳞片覆盖面积数据，这些数据为图2C、2D的支撑数据。各列字段说明如下： - ID：羽化成虫的编号 - MotherID：野外采集的母代个体编号（对应数据集"Wild.txt"） - MotherBlueScale：母代个体背翅的翅色分级（参见图1A，1代表全褐色，5代表近乎全蓝色） - RearinTemp：饲养温度 - Region：母代个体的野外采集地区 - Population：母代个体的野外采集种群 - Blue scale：羽化成虫的翅色分级（参见图1A，1代表全褐色，5代表近乎全蓝色） - Area FW：右前翅面积 - Blue FW：右前翅的蓝色鳞片覆盖面积 - Area HW：右后翅面积 - Blue HW：右后翅的蓝色鳞片覆盖面积 - Total wing area：两侧翅的总面积 - Total Blue area：两侧翅的蓝色鳞片覆盖总面积 - Percentage blue："Total Blue area"与"Total wing area"的比值（分析中未使用该变量） 生成图2c与2d的R脚本位于"Fig2cde"文件中。 e) museum.csv：该CSV文件包含960份伊卡多眼灰蝶（Polyommatus icarus）雌性博物馆标本的数据，这些标本均带有翅面积及蓝色鳞片覆盖面积的测量数据，为图2E的支撑数据。各列字段说明如下： - ID：蝴蝶个体编号 - AreaFW：右前翅面积 - BlueFW：右前翅的蓝色鳞片覆盖面积 - AreaHW：右后翅面积 - BlueHW：右后翅的蓝色鳞片覆盖面积 - TotWarea：两侧翅的总面积 - StTotArea：标准化总翅面积（与平均值的差值除以标准差） - TotalBlueArea：两侧翅的蓝色鳞片覆盖总面积 - StBlArea：未使用变量，标准化蓝色覆盖面积（与平均值的差值除以标准差） - Blueprop："Total Blue area"与"Total wing area"的比值（分析中未使用该变量） - ColorScale：标本的翅色分级（参见图1A，1代表全褐色，5代表近乎全蓝色） - BinomBlue1：未使用变量，0=完全褐色，1=至少带有部分蓝色鳞片 - BinomBlue2：未使用变量，0=翅缘鳞片为褐色，1=近乎全蓝色 - Landskap：标本采集所在的瑞典地区 - Socken：标本采集所在的瑞典教区 - LatGroup：未使用变量，按纬度从南到北划分的标本分组 - Latitud：标本采集所在教区的中心点纬度 - Longitud：标本采集所在教区的中心点经度 - Year：标本采集年份 - Month：标本采集月份 - Day：标本采集当日为当月的第几日 - LarvalMonth：估算的标本处于末龄幼虫阶段的月份 - FlyingMonth：成虫飞行活动的月份 - Generation：估算的世代，基于纬度划分，参见图1C - AnnMeanTemp：该地理点位的年平均气温 - StAnnTemp：标准化年平均气温（与平均值的差值除以标准差） - LarvTemp：估算的标本处于幼虫阶段时当地的气温 - StLarvTemp：标准化估算幼虫期气温（与平均值的差值除以标准差） - Flytemp：估算的标本处于成虫飞行阶段时当地的气温 - StFlyTemp：标准化成虫飞行期气温（与平均值的差值除以标准差） - AnnPrecip：该地理点位的年降水量 - StAnnPrecip：标准化年降水量（与平均值的差值除以标准差） - LarvPrecip：估算的标本处于幼虫阶段时当地的降水量 - StLarvPrecip：标准化估算幼虫期降水量（与平均值的差值除以标准差） - FlyPrecip：估算的标本处于成虫飞行阶段时当地的降水量 - StFlyPrecip：标准化成虫飞行期降水量（与平均值的差值除以标准差） 生成图2e的R脚本位于"Fig2cde"文件中。 ## 图3 ### 数据文件与R脚本列表 a) 100um.csv：该CSV文件包含通过100倍放大拍摄的伊卡多眼灰蝶（Polyommatus icarus）雌性个体（褐色翅型与蓝色翅型）及蓝色翅型雄性个体的前翅背面照片分析得到的数据，为图3A的支撑数据（文件底部附有表格形式的数据）。各列字段说明如下： - Id：蝴蝶个体编号 - Sex：标本性别 - Population：标本所属种群 - Category：蝴蝶类型（褐色雌性、蓝色雌性、雄性） - Area：鳞片所在的翅部区域（蓝色或褐色） - Spiky_scales：拍摄区域内的尖形鳞片数量 - Mixed_Scales：拍摄区域内的混合型鳞片数量 - Round_Scales：拍摄区域内的圆形鳞片数量 - Prop_spiky_scales：尖形鳞片占总鳞片的比例 - Prop_mixed_Scales：混合型鳞片占总鳞片的比例 - Prop_round_Scales：圆形鳞片占总鳞片的比例 该图使用Microsoft Excel绘制（文件名：Figure3a）。 b) 10um.csv：该CSV文件包含通过10倍放大拍摄的伊卡多眼灰蝶（Polyommatus icarus）雌性个体（褐色翅型与蓝色翅型）及蓝色翅型雄性个体的单根前翅鳞片照片分析得到的数据，共包含三种鳞片类型：来自雌性褐色翅区的"尖形"鳞片、来自雄性及雌性蓝色翅区的"圆形"鳞片，以及来自雌性蓝色翅区的"混合型"鳞片。这些数据为图3B的支撑数据。各列字段说明如下： - Sex：标本性别 - Type：蝴蝶类型（褐色雌性、蓝色雌性、雄性） - Scale_type：拍摄的鳞片类型（尖形或圆形） - Area：鳞片所在的翅部区域（蓝色或褐色） - Group：分组变量（参见图3A） - Id：蝴蝶个体编号 - Blue_scale：蝴蝶翅色的蓝色分级（1=褐色，5=蓝色，6=雄性） - PropHoleArea：翅鳞片细胞的空腔占比 - PropMembrArea：翅鳞片细胞的膜质部分占比 数据以"PropHoleArea"为响应变量、"Group"为分组变量进行了克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯检验（Kruskal Wallis test）。该图使用Microsoft Excel绘制（文件名：Figure3b）。