COGNITIVE METAPHOR AND THE DISCURSIVE EXPRESSION OF HUMOR AND JOKES

This scientific article analyzes the interrelation between cognitive metaphor and the discursive expression of humor and jokes, their cognitive-discursive mechanisms, and principles of operation in literary text, using the example of Gafur Gulam's work "The Mischievous Boy" and its translations into English and Russian. The research is based on the conceptual metaphor theory founded by J. Lakoff and M. Johnson, the theory of mental spaces and conceptual integration by G. Fauconnier and M. Turner, and the semantic script theory of humor by S. Attardo and V. Raskin. The article identifies genetic, structural, and functional similarities between humor and cognitive metaphor, proving that both arise through establishing unexpected, innovative connections between two different conceptual domains. Based on materials from "The Mischievous Boy," the expression of the following types of cognitive metaphor intertwined with humor is observed: ontological metaphors (THE BOY IS POWER, SCHOOL IS WAR), orientational metaphors (UP IS RIGHT, DOWN IS SUBORDINATION), structural metaphors (LIFE IS A GAME, STUDYING IS TRADE). Additionally, problems of preservation, modification, or loss of these metaphor-humor complexes during translation are comparatively analyzed. Research results show that cognitive metaphor and the discursive expression of humor and jokes are mutually necessitating, complementary, and reinforcing phenomena, and their combination is one of the main factors ensuring the artistic-ideological impact and cognitive depth of "The Mischievous Boy."本文以加夫古尔·古拉姆（Gafur Gulam）的作品《淘气小子》（The Mischievous Boy）及其英、俄译本为研究案例，剖析认知隐喻（cognitive metaphor）与幽默、笑话的话语表达之间的相互关联，以及二者在文学文本中的认知-话语机制与运作原则。本研究依托莱考夫（J. Lakoff）与约翰逊（M. Johnson）提出的概念隐喻理论（conceptual metaphor theory）、福科尼耶（G. Fauconnier）与特纳（M. Turner）的心理空间与概念整合理论（theory of mental spaces and conceptual integration），以及阿塔多（S. Attardo）与拉斯金（V. Raskin）的幽默语义脚本理论（semantic script theory of humor）展开。本文识别出幽默与认知隐喻在起源、结构与功能层面的共性，证明二者均通过在两个不同概念域间建立出人意料的创新性关联而产生。基于《淘气小子》的文本素材，本文观察到以下几类与幽默交织共生的认知隐喻表达：本体隐喻（ontological metaphor）（如“男孩即力量”“学校即战争”）、方位隐喻（orientational metaphor）（如“上即正确”“下即从属”）以及结构隐喻（structural metaphor）（如“人生即游戏”“学习即交易”）。此外，本文还对比分析了在翻译过程中，这类隐喻-幽默复合体的保留、改编与缺失问题。研究结果表明，认知隐喻与幽默、笑话的话语表达互为依存、相辅相成且彼此强化，二者的结合是保障《淘气小子》具备艺术思想感染力与认知深度的核心因素之一。